Gradient-Based Electromagnetic Inversion for Metasurface Design Using Circuit Models

Narendra, Chaitanya; Brown, Thomas J.; Mojabi, Puyan

doi:10.1109/tap.2021.3118811

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…There has been some work to incorporate the effects of mutual coupling in an aperiodic environment [42], but this is still an open area of research. Although the transmission efficiency achieved is lower than the 88.3% reported by Narendra et al [4], their example used idealized admittance sheets rather than physical unit cells here. As a result, they did not have to contend with the challenges of designing unit cells described above, so the inevitable reduction in transmission efficiency is not unreasonable.…”

Section: Experimental Validation Of Synthesis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…There have been many recent efforts to perform macroscopic optimization in a more systematic way. One approach uses an electromagnetic inversion algorithm to solve for the required electric and magnetic surface current densities to produce a desired far-field pattern [3], [4]. This method utilizes the equivalence principle, whereby enforcing Love's condition and local power conservation using a gradientbased method, a passive and lossless EMMS is derived.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using this method they were able to design a 10λ surface at 1 GHz for refraction to 45 • off broadside with 74.8% efficiency [3]. They were then able to leverage gradient descent to design a 5λ two-beam metasurface with 88.3% transmission efficiency at 10.5 GHz [4]. However, this figure is for a 3-layer admittance sheet model rather than an EMMS composed of fabricable unit cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Beam-Splitting Bianisotropic Metasurface Designed by Optimization and Machine Learning

Pearson

Naseri

Hum

2022

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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Electromagnetic metasurfaces have attracted significant interest recently due to their low profile and advantageous applications. Practically, many metasurface designs start with a set of constraints for the radiated far-field, such as main-beam direction(s) and side lobe levels, and end with a non-uniform physical structure for the surface. This problem is quite challenging, since the required tangential field transformations are not completely known when only constraints are placed on the scattered fields. Hence, the required surface properties cannot be solved for analytically. Moreover, the translation of the desired surface properties to the physical unit cells can be time-consuming and difficult, as it is often a one-tomany mapping in a large solution space. Here, we divide the inverse design process into two steps: a macroscopic and microscopic design step. In the former, we use an iterative optimization process to find the surface properties that radiate a far-field pattern that complies with specified constraints. This iterative process exploits non-radiating currents to ensure a passive and lossless design. In the microscopic step, these optimized surface properties are realized with physical unit cells using machine learning surrogate models. The effectiveness of this end-to-end synthesis process is demonstrated through measurement results of a beam-splitting prototype.

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Section: Experimental Validation Of Synthesis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Beam-Splitting Bianisotropic Metasurface Designed by Optimization and Machine Learning

Pearson

Naseri

Hum

2022

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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show abstract

“…In fact, inverse design has gradually been favored by scholars [6]- [10]. The inverse source framework presented in [9] is based on the well-known electric field integral equation (EFIE), and belongs to the spacial domain analysis, as shown in (1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A conjugate gradient (CG) algorithm [11] is used to iteratively update J and M to solve the integral equation. Based on this framework, [10] used the three-layer admittance model to design a metasurface for one desired radiation pattern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inverse Design Method Starting for Aperture Field from Phaseless Radiation Pattern Based on Spectral Analysis

Chen¹,

Ren²,

Liu³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Existing electromagnetic inverse design methods are often established in the spacial domain. This communication presents an inverse design method, which can design aperture field for the desired phaseless radiation pattern, from the spectral domain perspective. In addition, it naturally adapts to the polarization constraint. Specifically, the inverse design can be converted into solving the first kind of Fredholm integral equation, using the spectral domain method. To deal with the illposedness of such integral equation, we apply modal expansion to the integrand. To cope with the non-linearity introduced by phaseless, we use a multi-objective optimization algorithm to obtain the coefficients in the modal expansion. Finally, we use this method to break the cosine rule that the directivity of 2D arrays drops as cosine of the angle, which is a puzzle in wide-angle scanning. The numerical simulation results meet expectations and illustrate the feasibility of the method.

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The Physical Implementation of Electromagnetic Inverse Design Method Based on Metal-Only Transmitarray Antenna

Chen,

Liu,

Wang

et al. 2023

2023 International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT)

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Gradient-Based Electromagnetic Inversion for Metasurface Design Using Circuit Models

Cited by 10 publications

References 38 publications

A Beam-Splitting Bianisotropic Metasurface Designed by Optimization and Machine Learning

A Beam-Splitting Bianisotropic Metasurface Designed by Optimization and Machine Learning

Inverse Design Method Starting for Aperture Field from Phaseless Radiation Pattern Based on Spectral Analysis

The Physical Implementation of Electromagnetic Inverse Design Method Based on Metal-Only Transmitarray Antenna

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