Graded microstructure and mechanical properties of additive manufactured Ti–6Al–4V via electron beam melting

Tan, Xipeng; Kok, Yihong; Tan, Yu; Descoins, Marion; Mangelinck, Dominique; Tor, Shu Beng; Leong, Kah Fai; Chua, Chee Kai

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2015.06.036

Cited by 555 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…Although the mechanical properties of parts made by SLM have become close to those produced by conventional processes [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], SLM still has several inherent limitations, one of them being the accumulation of detrimental tensile residual stresses (TRS), illustrated in Fig. 1.…”

Section: Markmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Laser Shock Peening – A new method for the 3D control of residual stresses in Selective Laser Melting

et al. 2017

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is an open access repository that collects the work of Arts et Métiers ParisTech researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. A B S T R A C TThis paper describes a hybrid additive manufacturing process -3D Laser Shock Peening (3D LSP), based on the integration of Laser Shock Peening (LSP) with selective laser melting (SLM). The well-known tensile residual stresses (TRS) in the as -built (AB) state of SLM parts in the subsurface region have a detrimental effect on their fatigue life. LSP is a relatively expensive surface post treatment method, known to generate deep CRS into the subsurface of the part, and used for high end applications (e.g. aerospace, nuclear) where fatigue life is crucial. The novel proposed 3D LSP process takes advantage of the possibility to repeatedly interrupt the part manufacturing, with cycles of a few SLM layers. This approach leads to higher and deeper CRS in the subsurface of the produced part, with expected improved fatigue properties. In this paper, 316L stainless steel samples were 3D LSP processed using a decoupled approach, i.e. by moving back and forth the baseplate from an SLM machine to an LSP station. A clear and significant increase in the magnitude and depth of CRS was observed, for all investigated process parameters, when compared to the AB SLM parts, or those traditionally LSP (surface) treated.

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Section: Markmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Laser Shock Peening – A new method for the 3D control of residual stresses in Selective Laser Melting

et al. 2017

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“…Therefore, it is imperative to study on wear behavior of AM Ti64 parts and know their wear properties in comparison with the counterparts manufactured via conventional methods. In our previous works published elsewhere [5,6,[17][18][19][20][21], the microstructure and mechanical properties of the EBM-built Ti64 parts have been systematically studied. The present work aims at investigating the wear properties of EBM-built Ti64 parts with various thicknesses and making a comparative study against commercially as-cast Ti64 sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Wear Properties of Electron Beam Melted Ti-6Al-4V Parts: A Comparison Study against As-Cast Form

Toh

Wang

Tan

et al. 2016

Metals

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Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) parts of varying thicknesses were additively manufactured (AM) by the powder-bed-based electron beam melting (EBM) technique. Microstructure and wear properties of these EBM-built Ti-6Al-4V parts have been investigated in comparison with conventionally cast Ti64 samples. Sliding wear tests were conducted using a ball-on-disc micro-tribometer under ambient conditions. Experimental results reveal that EBM-built Ti64 samples exhibited higher microhardness and an overall larger coefficient of friction as compared to the as-cast counterpart. Of interest is that the corresponding specific wear volumes were lower for EBM-built Ti64 samples, while the as-cast Ti64 showed the poorest wear resistance despite its lower coefficient of friction. Wear mechanisms were provided in terms of quantitative microstructural characterization and detailed analysis on coefficient of friction (COF) curves.

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“…A large degree of shrinkage occurs during liquid -solid transformation, thus accumulating considerable tensile residual stresses on the surface of the SLM produced components. The complex residual stresses (RS) that arise during cooling are regarded as key factors responsible for the distortion and even delamination of the final parts [9,10,[15][16][17]. These residual stresses may even cause process failure during the building phase [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, although the mechanical properties have become close to those of bulk materials [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], SLM has some inherent drawbacks such as warping, cracking and detrimental tensile residual stresses (TRS). A large degree of shrinkage occurs during liquid -solid transformation, thus accumulating considerable tensile residual stresses on the surface of the SLM produced components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring residual stress profile of Selective Laser Melted parts by Laser Shock Peening

Kalentics

Boillat

Peyre

et al. 2017

Additive Manufacturing

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Selective laser melting Laser shock peening 3D Laser shock peening Residual stress profile 15-5 PH stainless steel 316L stainless steel a b s t r a c t The paper describes a new approach in controlling and tailoring residual stress profile of parts made by Selective Laser Melting (SLM). SLM parts are well known for the high tensile stresses in the as -built state in the surface or subsurface region. These stresses have a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties and especially on the fatigue life. Laser Shock Peening (LSP) as a surface treatment method was applied on SLM parts and residual stress measurements with the hole -drilling method were performed. Two different grades of stainless steel were used: a martensitic 15-5 precipitation hardenable PH1 and an austenitic 316L. Different LSP parameters were used, varying laser energy, shot overlap, laser spot size and treatments with and without an ablative medium. For both materials the as-built (AB) residual stress state was changed to a more beneficial compressive state. The value and the depth of the compressive stress was analyzed and showed a clear dependence on the LSP processing parameters. Application of LSP on SLM parts showed promising results, and a novel method that would combine these two processes is proposed. The use of LSP during the building phase of SLM as a "3D LSP" method would possibly give the advantage of further increasing the depth and volume of compressive residual stresses, and selectively treating key areas of the part, thereby further increasing fatigue life.

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Graded microstructure and mechanical properties of additive manufactured Ti–6Al–4V via electron beam melting

Cited by 555 publications

References 49 publications

3D Laser Shock Peening – A new method for the 3D control of residual stresses in Selective Laser Melting

3D Laser Shock Peening – A new method for the 3D control of residual stresses in Selective Laser Melting

Microstructure and Wear Properties of Electron Beam Melted Ti-6Al-4V Parts: A Comparison Study against As-Cast Form

Tailoring residual stress profile of Selective Laser Melted parts by Laser Shock Peening

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