Grade and symmetry of normal fetal cortical development: a longitudinal two‐ and three‐dimensional ultrasound study

Pistorius, L. R.; Stoutenbeek, P.; Groenendaal, Floris; Vries, Linda de; Manten, G. T. R.; Mulder, E.J.H.; Visser, Gerard H.A.

doi:10.1002/uog.7705

Cited by 81 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The depth of the Sylvian fissure may be of predictive value regarding further neurodevelopment, but this finding has not been correlated to postnatal outcome yet, and normal values in healthy fetuses have not been established either. Ultrasound has also been proven capable to analyze cerebral maturation with high detail [42], but to our knowledge, this has not been investigated in fetal CHD yet. Currently, our cohort is being analyzed further to report on more detailed cerebral maturation variables in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetuses with Isolated Congenital Heart Defects Show Normal Cerebral and Extracerebral Fluid Volume Growth: A 3D Sonographic Study in the Second and Third Trimester

et al. 2019

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Objective: The aim of our study is to explore whether the cerebral growth is delayed in fetuses with congenital heart defects (CHD) in the second and early third trimester. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in 77 CHD cases, with 75 healthy controls. 3D cerebral volume acquisition was performed sequentially. The volumes of the fetal hemicerebrum and extracerebral fluid were compared by linear regression analysis, and the Sylvian fissure was measured. Results: Between 19 and 32 weeks of gestation, 158 measurements in cases and 183 measurements in controls were performed (mean 2.2/subject). The volume growth of the hemicerebrum (R² = 0.95 vs. 0.95; p = 0.9) and the extracerebral fluid (R² = 0.84 vs. 0.82, p = 0.9) were similar. Fetuses with abnormal oxygen delivery to the brain have a slightly smaller brain at 20 weeks of gestation (p = 0.02), but this difference disappeared with advancing gestation. CHD cases demonstrated a slightly shallower Sylvian fissure (mean ratio 0.146 vs. 0.153; p = 0.004). Conclusions: Our study shows no differences in cerebral growth, studied in an unselected cohort, with successive cases of isolated CHD. Even in the severest CHD cases, cerebral size is similar in the early third trimester. The cause and meaning of a shallower Sylvian fissure is unclear; possibly, it is a marker for delayed cerebral maturation or it might be an expression of decreasing amount of extracerebral fluid.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetuses with Isolated Congenital Heart Defects Show Normal Cerebral and Extracerebral Fluid Volume Growth: A 3D Sonographic Study in the Second and Third Trimester

et al. 2019

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“…Briefly, the five steps of the method consist of (1) rough manual selection of the volume of interest (VOI) (Fig. 1a), (2) generation of a volume of constraints (VOC) for the segmentation (Fig. 1b), (3) fast seeded region growing segmentation with predefined thresholds (Fig.…”

Section: Segmentation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vivo fetal brain imaging and accurate estimation of fetal brain volume is of paramount importance in evaluating and determining the development of the fetus, and plays an important role in the diagnosis of numerous developmental disorders [1,2]. Ultrasound (US) is the primary fetal imaging modality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic Measurement of Fetal Brain Development from Magnetic Resonance Imaging: New Reference Data

et al. 2017

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Background: Accurate fetal brain volume estimation is of paramount importance in evaluating fetal development. The aim of this study was to develop an automatic method for fetal brain segmentation from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, and to create for the first time a normal volumetric growth chart based on a large cohort. Subjects and Methods: A semi-automatic segmentation method based on Seeded Region Growing algorithm was developed and applied to MRI data of 199 typically developed fetuses between 18 and 37 weeks' gestation. The accuracy of the algorithm was tested against a sub-cohort of ground truth manual segmentations. A quadratic regression analysis was used to create normal growth charts. The sensitivity of the method to identify developmental disorders was demonstrated on 9 fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Results: The developed method showed high correlation with manual segmentation (r² = 0.9183, p < 0.001) as well as mean volume and volume overlap differences of 4.77 and 18.13%, respectively. New reference data on 199 normal fetuses were created, and all 9 IUGR fetuses were at or below the third percentile of the normal growth chart. Discussion: The proposed method is fast, accurate, reproducible, user independent, applicable with retrospective data, and is suggested for use in routine clinical practice.

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“…Furthermore, some anomalies in cortical development may be subtle and may have a variety of appearances that are undetected until birth or even some months after birth [6][7][8][9][10]. Therefore, recent efforts of neurosonography have been focused on recognizing the first visible morphological changes of the developing fetal cortex to facilitate an earlier diagnosis of an abnormal cortical development [1][2][3][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the early second trimester, the SF appears on the US axial view as a smooth-margined, shallow notch on the lateral side of the cerebral hemisphere [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Over the course of the subsequent weeks of pregnancy, the morphology of this structure changes, showing a more prominent indentation with distinct angularity at the margins of the IL [12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nomograms of the Fetal Sylvian Fissure and Insular Lobe throughout Gestation: A Multicentric, Ultrasonographic Cross-Sectional Study

Spinelli

Sica²,

Ghezzi

et al. 2018

Fetal Diagn Ther

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Introduction: Anomalies in cortical development are often associated with an adverse outcome, but prenatal diagnosis is often impeded by the limited knowledge about normal sulci biometries throughout fetal brain development. Our aim was to provide two-dimensional ultrasonographical (2D US) nomograms of the depth of the Sylvian fissure (SF) and insular lobe (IL), as well as of the SF ratio throughout gestation in a large number of fetuses. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study of 329 normal singleton pregnancies. Measurements of the SF, IL, and SF ratio were obtained in a standard transthalamic plane of the fetal head. The SF ratio was defined as SF\SF + IL. All measurements were expressed by regression equations as a function of gestational age (GA) according to the method described by Royston and Wright. The first 38 measurements were repeated twice by 2 examiners to assess the reproducibility through the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: A significant correlation was found between GA and SF (r = 0.79; p < 0.0001) as well as IL (r = 0.77; p < 0.0001). Similarly, the SF ratio also showed a significant correlation with GA (r = 0.39; p < 0.0001). When interobserver variability was assessed, ICC was 0.97. Conclusions: Prenatal 2D US measurements of SF and IL as well as the SF ratio may be feasible and reproducible using a standard view of the fetal head. Our nomograms may be used as a reference for assessing cortical development throughout pregnancy.

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Grade and symmetry of normal fetal cortical development: a longitudinal two‐ and three‐dimensional ultrasound study

Abstract: Objectives

Cited by 81 publications

References 25 publications

Fetuses with Isolated Congenital Heart Defects Show Normal Cerebral and Extracerebral Fluid Volume Growth: A 3D Sonographic Study in the Second and Third Trimester

Fetuses with Isolated Congenital Heart Defects Show Normal Cerebral and Extracerebral Fluid Volume Growth: A 3D Sonographic Study in the Second and Third Trimester

Automatic Measurement of Fetal Brain Development from Magnetic Resonance Imaging: New Reference Data

Nomograms of the Fetal Sylvian Fissure and Insular Lobe throughout Gestation: A Multicentric, Ultrasonographic Cross-Sectional Study

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