Grabverhalten und Prothorax-Morphologie vonScarites buparius Forster als Beispiel f�r die Anpassung derScaritini an die grabende Lebensweise (Coleoptera, Carabidae)

Baehr, Martin

doi:10.1007/bf00994002

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This is probably because if extreme femoral shortening were combined with increased width, the amount of tibial flexion could be greatly reduced, and this in turn would restrict the passage of a beetle trying to move in a confined space. Carabinae group 111, have, therefore compromised by shortening the femora rat her than expanding them, much of the extra strength needed by the beetle for its burrowing activities probably comes from the extrinsic prothoracic muscles as suggested by Baehr (1979). Carabinae group I (excluding Carabitae) on the other hand, have evolved long and slender legs which give long paces and allows for rapid limb accelerations, so enabling them to run (i.e.…”

Section: Discussion In Locomotionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Scaritinae are a fossorial group which show more obvious locomotor adaptions than most Carabinae. The burrowing behaviour of Scarites buparius has been described by Baehr (1979). Like most other Scaritini this species digs deep holes in sandy areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The complicated ventral articulation of the procoxal and the enormously strengthened procoxal muscles stabilize the forelegs in the course of heavy straining during burrowing, thus preventing their turning forward. As the origin of the coxal remotors is situated far in front of their insertion at the coxa, these muscles are exceptionally efficient (Baehr, 1979). Hlavac (1 969) noted from observations on Antilliscaris (Scaritini) that substrate material from its burrows, loosened by the protibiae during digging, is compressed and compacted into its burrow system by the vertex of the head and pronotum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Locomotion in ground beetles (Coleoptera carabidae): An interpretation of leg structure in functional terms

Forsythe

1983

Journal of Zoology

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Recordings of maximum running speeds and maximum horizontal pulling (= pushing) forces have been obtained for 72 species of cursorial and fossorial ground beetles (Carabidae: Coleoptera) belonging to 19 tribes and 12 supertribes. Fore leg, pro‐ and meso‐femoral and tibial and mid leg measurements have also been made and all these parameters have been correlated with body lengths. It was found that those species (mainly Carabinae group I, i.e. Nebriini, Notiophilini, Loricerini, Elaphrini, Cicindelini) with relatively long, slender pro‐and mesofemora, long pro ‐ and mesotibiae and small meso‐coxal articulations were faster runners (i.e. sprinters) but weaker horizontal pushers. In contrast, species (mainly Carabinae group II, i.e. Broscini, Trechini, Pogonini, Bembidiini, Patrobini, Pterostichini, Zabrini, Callistini, Oodini, Licinini, Harpalini) with relatively short, broad pro‐femora, short (slender) mesofemora, short pro– and mesotibiae, and larger meso‐coxal articulations were stronger horizontal pushers but were slower runners. Carabinae group III (Scaritini), however, which have very short, narrow pro‐ and mesofemora, very short pro‐ and mesotibiae, and large meso‐coxal articulations were found to be very strong horizontal pushers but very slow (relatively) runners. The Carabini (including Cychrini), however, resemble Carabinae group II in their running and pushing abilities although their legs are structurally similar to those of Carabinae group I (i.e. relatively long and slender with small meso–coxal articulations). In fact, species of Carabini are fast walkers, their prey is generally slow moving (i.e. slugs, snails and caterpillars) and they hunt in restrictive habitats such as weed patches, meadows or woodland grass which produce a considerable amount of environmental resistance. Most Carabini have a heavy, powerful body which seems to be well adapted to overcoming this resistance.

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Section: Discussion In Locomotionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Locomotion in ground beetles (Coleoptera carabidae): An interpretation of leg structure in functional terms

Forsythe

1983

Journal of Zoology

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“…This interpretation has been followed for beetles, by Evans (1 977) and more recently by Forsythe (1981Forsythe ( , 1982aForsythe ( , 1983aForsythe ( , b and 1987a and Evans & Forsythe (1984, 1985. Other important work which elucidates further the interrelationship between carabid structure, form and function is that of Evans (1964Evans ( , 1965aEvans ( , b, 1980, Hlavac (1969Hlavac ( , 1975, Zhavoronkova (1969), Bils (1976), Baehr (1979Baehr ( , 1980 and Sharova (1974Sharova ( , 1975Sharova ( , 1981. The latter author also linked structure with a particular habitat rather than lifestyle or habit as suggested here, as did Andersen (1985) and Thiele (1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Feeding and locomotory functions in relation to body form in five species of ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Forsythe

1991

Journal of Zoology

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This paper attempts to describe the relationship between habit, body structure and form in five species of ground beetle representing five different tribes. The results support and broaden the basis for currently accepted ideas about the mode of life of Scaritini, Morionini, Licinini, Omophronini and Galeritini. It examines feeding mechanisms, leg structure and body form. In this study two types of feeding method are recognized: fluid or semi‐fluid feeding, as in Scarites subterraneus, and mixed intake feeding. In the second method, food ingested varies from fluid, mush and recognizable arthropod fragments (Morion monilicornis and Omophron labiatum) to mainly fluids or semi‐fluids with some fragments (Diplochila major and Galerita lecontet). All these species show morphological adaptations of their feeding mechanisms indicative of their feeding habits. Pro‐, meso‐ and meta‐femoral and tibial lengths and femoral width measurements have been made and correlated with body lengths; maximum running speeds and maximum horizontal pulling (= pushing) forces have also been made and correlated with body lengths. Galerita lecontei and Omophron labiatum have long femora, whereas those of Diplochila major are somewhat shorter and those of Scarites subterraneus and Morion monilicornis are very short. Scarites subterraneus has relatively narrow femora although there is a trend towards a narrowing of the femora in Morion monilicornis. Only Omophron labiatum has broad femora. Galerita lecontei and Omophron labiatum have long tibiae whereas Scarites subterraneus and Morion monilicornis have very short tibiae. Diplochila major represents the mainstream of carabids, with tibial lengths lying between the two extremes. All five species show morphological adaptations of their locomotory apparatus indicative of their locomotory abilities. In this study Omophron labiarum was found to be particularly fast at high speed running (i.e. sprinting) whereas Scarites subterraneus was found to be relatively slow. Only Scarites subterraneus showed particularly strong pushing abilities whereas Galerita lecontei was found to be weak at pushing. Omophron labiatum, Diplochila major and Morion monilicornis were found to have pushing abilities between the two extremes. Variations in height of the prothorax and hind body, the widths of the hind body, prothorax and metatergum, and the lengths of the metasternum, metatergum and wings are discussed and compared with body lengths in the five species. These various parameters have been displayed in the form of tables, and have been discussed in relation to the various habits of the five species. Certain trends were noted. Only Diplochila major has body proportions similar to those of mainstream cursorial carabids. Galerita lecontei has a shallow, narrow prothorax which may be correlated with its particular hunting habits. Scarites subterraneus has a somewhat cylindrical body form; the hind body is often narrower and flatter and the prothorax flatter than mainstream cursorial carabids. This kind of body form ...

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“…Another retractor muscle of the head, Im09, is larger in Trigonopterus than in K. roboris, possibly also in line with the defense behavior of this genus. A greatly enlarged Im09 was observed by Baehr (1979b) in the ground beetle Scarites buparius; here, it retracts the head while burrowing.…”

Section: Prothoraxmentioning

confidence: 95%

Comparative thorax morphology of death-feigning flightless cryptorhynchine weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on 3D reconstructions

Kamp

Cecilia

Rolo

et al. 2015

Arthropod Structure & Development

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Grabverhalten und Prothorax-Morphologie vonScarites buparius Forster als Beispiel f�r die Anpassung derScaritini an die grabende Lebensweise (Coleoptera, Carabidae)

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Locomotion in ground beetles (Coleoptera carabidae): An interpretation of leg structure in functional terms

Locomotion in ground beetles (Coleoptera carabidae): An interpretation of leg structure in functional terms

Feeding and locomotory functions in relation to body form in five species of ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Comparative thorax morphology of death-feigning flightless cryptorhynchine weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on 3D reconstructions

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