“…However, considering that many scientific computational tools had been previously developed in Fortran from a joint work of NVIDIA and PGI (The Port-land Group), a CUDA Fortran Compiler was made available in 2010, which is essentially a conventional FORTRAN compiler with CUDA extensions. After that, many works (Griebel and Zaspel 2010;DeLeon and Senocak 2012;Markesteijn, Semiletov, and Karabasov 2015;Zhu, Phillips, Spandan, Donners, Ruetsch, Romero, Ostilla-M´onico, Yang, Lohse, Verzicco, et al 2018;Kumar, Abdel-Majeed, and Annavaram 2019) have been developed in order to adapt and redesign the existing codes to the architecture of the GPU.…”