“…XGBoost (Chen et al, 2015), LightGBM (Ke et al, 2017) andCatBoost (Dorogush et al, 2018) are considered for gradient boosting models. Since the originally proposed XGBoost uses LE, Kfold TE (Ayria, 2020) is applied to XGBoost following Schifferer et al (2020). Considered CTR prediction models are as follows: FM (Rendle, 2010), FFM (Juan et al, 2016), AFM (Xiao et al, 2017), DCN , MLP, NFM , Wide & Deep (Cheng et al, 2016), DeepFM (Guo et al, 2017), xDeepFM (Lian et al, 2018), PNN (Qu et al, 2018), AutoInt (Song et al, 2019), and AFN (Cheng et al, 2020).…”