GPS Spoofing Mitigation and Timing Risk Analysis in Networked Phasor Measurement Units via Stochastic Reachability

Abstract

Modern power systems analyze real-time grid stability using a widely-dispersed network of advanced devices known as phasor measurement units (PMUs) (Al-Hammouri et al., 2012). As per the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, more than 2500 PMUs were deployed across North America as of March 2015 (Tholomier et al., 2009). Figure 1 shows a map of the dense network of these spatially-distributed PMUs (Dagle, 2018). The North American synchrophasor initiative network (NASPInet), which is a collaborative effort by the United States Department of Energy and the North American Electric Reliability Corporation, provides a secure and decentralized infrastructure for communication among the PMUs (Myrda & Koellner, 2010). Each PMU is equipped with a Global Positioning