GPR Remote Sensing in Archaeology

Abstract

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Towards an operative use of remote sensing for exploring the past using satellite data: The case study of Hierapolis (Turkey)

“…Many studies and investigations have demonstrated the highly significant role of GPR in searching for ancient buried remains (Conyers, 2004;Goodman & Piro, 2013). The GPR prospecting was carried out using an IDS Hi Mod system with a 600 MHz antenna.…”

“…The data were subsequently processed using standard twodimensional processing techniques (Persico, 2014) adopting GPR-Slice 7.0 software (Goodman, 2013). The processing flow-chart consisted of the following steps: i) header editing to insert the geometrical information, ii) frequency filtering, iii) manual gain, to adjust the acquisition gain function and enhance the visibility of deeper anomalies, iv) customized background removal to attenuate the horizontal banding in the deeper part of the sections (ringing), performed by subtracting a 'local' average noise trace in different time ranges estimated from suitably selected time-distance windows with low signal content (this local subtraction procedure was necessary to avoid artefacts created by the classic subtraction of a 'global' average trace estimated from the entire section, due to the presence of zones with a very strong signal), v) estimation of the average electromagnetic wave velocity by hyperbola fitting, and vi) Kirchhoff migration, using a constant average velocity value of 0.07 m/ns.…”

“…First, spikes were identified and flagged through a statistical comparison between data within properly chosen windows. To this end, the generalized extreme Studentized deviate method was used (Goodman, 2013). Once flagged, spikes were removed from the original data set.…”

The potential of integrated GPR survey and aerial photographic analysis of historic urban areas: A case study and digital reconstruction of a Late Roman villa in Durrës (Albania)

“…One approach for visualizing 3D iso is the use of surface rendering, assembled from all processed radargrams (Zanzi and Valle, 1999;Goodman and Piro, 2013). In Fig.…”

Interference Mitigation Achieved with a Reconfigurable Stepped Frequency GPR System

“…In particular, it is well known that electromagnetic interferences can have significant effects on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data in some particular conditions [1]. In order to counteract them, the human operator can think of filtering the signal in a suitable way during the processing phase.…”