GPR prospection in ancient Ephesos

Hruška, Jiří; Fuchs, Gerald

doi:10.1016/s0926-9851(98)00048-2

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…For the common-offset case, noise suppression algorithms typically include band-pass filters and two-dimensional filters (e.g. trace averaging, and/or more complex transformations to the frequency-wavenumber ( f-k) or Radon domains; Hruska and Fuchs, 1999;Young and Sun, 1999;Annan, 2005;Nuzzo and Quarta, 2004;Linford and Martin, 2006). Migration may also be combined with spatial filtering to separate ground-and air-propagating energy on the basis of their respective velocity (Sun and Young, 1995).…”

Section: Noise Suppression Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐offset ground penetrating radar methods to image buried foundations of a medieval town wall, Great Yarmouth, UK

Booth

Clark

Hamilton

et al. 2010

Archaeological Prospection

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In conventional common-offset (CO) usage, ground-penetratingradar (GPR) methodsmay be problematic where a target is hosted within a structurally complex subsurface, or where coherent noise energy obscures the response to that target. This often occurs when imaging archaeology in urban environments, where reflected and diffracted air-wave energy can be pervasive in the presence of cars, walls and other nearby features.To overcome such issues we show a multi-offset (MO) GPR approach to urban surveying. Multi-offset velocity analysis is used as a filter by which ground-propagating signal energy is separated from airborne arrivals, with the latter suppressed on application of normal moveout corrections and stacking. Pre-stack migration is applied and yields considerable improvement to target resolution compared with post-stack routines. The MO-derived model of GPR velocity can also show the subsurface distribution of archaeological layering. Methods are demonstrated for a 25-fold MO GPR profile acquired, using unshielded antennas of 200 MHz centre-frequency, over foundations of the medieval town wall of Great Yarmouth, UK. The buried foundations represent a vertical discontinuity in the ground, which truncates both natural geological and archaeologically prospective layers.In addition to this complexgeometry, whichitself hinders GPRimaging, coherent air-wave noise is problematic because there are numerous above-surface features (e.g. parked cars, abovesurface walls) in the immediate vicinity of the profile. The improvement offered by MO techniques is benchmarked against a conventional CO routine and compared with co-located borehole records for a comprehensive subsurface interpretation.Target foundations appear ca.1.5 m beneath the ground surface, and GPR data support artefactual evidence of the construction of a sixteenth century rampart on their interior side. Despite the increased survey effort, werecommend MOmethods at anylocationwhere CO data are dominatedwith coherent noise energy, andwhere complex subsurface geometries degrade the output from standard migration algorithms.

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Section: Noise Suppression Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐offset ground penetrating radar methods to image buried foundations of a medieval town wall, Great Yarmouth, UK

Booth

Clark

Hamilton

et al. 2010

Archaeological Prospection

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“…in identifying cavities and voids and in investigating buried remnants (e.g. [4,9,17]). Two GPR systems were used in the project, a PulseEKKO IV with 200 MHz antennas and a high frequency RAMAC GPR with 500 MHz antennas.…”

Section: Ground Penetrating Radar (Gpr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inside a mound:

Persson

Olofsson

2004

Journal of Archaeological Science

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“…This information is important in the assessment of constructive archaeological remains or cultural heritage, and radar applications have been performed in different cases, with the objective of defining those aspects in diverse structures. For example, Hruska and Fuchs () presented the study with GPR of the road structure in old Greek cities; Perez‐Gracia et al () and Solla et al described a GPR analysis of Roman monuments in Spain; Leucci, Cataldo, and De Nunzio () applied GPR to evaluate mediaeval columns; Calia et al combined GPR with other nondestructive techniques to evaluate a mediaeval crypt; Pérez‐Gracia et al () explained the survey in a gothic cathedral; Santos‐Assunçao () described the complete analysis of art nouveau masonry buildings; and Faize and Driouach () employed a 2.3‐GHz antenna to detect anomalies on a buried marble and to create a pathological model. These studies highlight the ability of GPR high‐frequency antennas to identify small cracks, voids, and hidden members in ancient monuments, evidencing the inherent difficulty in the interpretation of data from masonry members (Santos‐Assunçao et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground‐penetrating radar evaluation of the ancient Mycenaean monument Tholos Acharnon tomb

Santos-Assunçao¹,

Dimitriadis²,

Konstantakis³

et al. 2016

Near Surface Geophysics

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The assessment of cultural heritage requires high-resolution and non-destructive methodologies. Ground-penetrating radar is widely applied in the inspection of historical buildings. However, some structures with curved surfaces make the radar data acquisition process difficult and consequently the following data interpretation. This paper describes a case study concerning a circular and buried Greek monument. This monument is a magnificent tomb buried with irregular stones. However, its structure and the internal stones arrangement are unknown. Therefore, a radar survey was carried out to achieve two main objectives: (i) identification of hidden elements and arrangement of the stones and (ii) detection of specific zones where further restoration and maintenance should be recommended. The methodology for the radar data acquisition involves the use of a laser scan in order to define accurately each radar line, covering all the internal surface of the tomb. Radar data processing was developed by converting Cartesian coordinates into polar coordinates. This procedure allows defining better the internal anomalies, improving the radar data interpretation. The main results of the survey were three: (i) the presence of a hidden target buried in the corridor access to the tomb; (ii) the description of the internal structure of the walls of the tomb, defining the stones arrangement and the position and depth to the keystone; and (iii) the existence of delimited zones where the signal is highly attenuated, probably due to a high salt content.internal damage, is also decisive in restoration and conservation processes. The inner information is usually gathered by means of non-destructive surveys in many cases.Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a non-destructive geophysical surveying technique that is nowadays applied to structures assessment. The methodology lays in the emission of highfrequency electromagnetic pulses that travel trough the medium. The changes in the electromagnetic properties of the medium are discontinuities, which are identified by the reflection of the energy. As a consequence, the technique provides images where the depth to the discontinuity is determined by the two-way travel time of the reflected waves on the A-scans. The projection on the surface is defined by the coordinates of the position of the receiver antenna in the B-scans. The knowledge of the depth and position of buried targets is fundamental in archaeological applications. Hence, the method has been widely used in this field during the last decades (Neubauer et al.

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GPR prospection in ancient Ephesos

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Multi‐offset ground penetrating radar methods to image buried foundations of a medieval town wall, Great Yarmouth, UK

Multi‐offset ground penetrating radar methods to image buried foundations of a medieval town wall, Great Yarmouth, UK

Inside a mound:

Ground‐penetrating radar evaluation of the ancient Mycenaean monument Tholos Acharnon tomb

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