GPR Data Processing Techniques

Economou, N.; Vafidis, A.; Benedetto, Francesco; Alani, Amir M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-04813-0_11

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…In recent years, other automated survey techniques based on mobile laser systems (MLS) have also been improved to measure the road geometry (Wang et al 2008, Karamanou et al 2009, Pu et al 2011, Holgado-Barco et al 2014, to evaluate the pavement conditions (Dondi et al 2011, Aoki et al 2012, Lantieri et al 2015 and to estimate the slopes (Tsai et al 2013), in airport context too (Aerial Data Service 2010, Riesner 2014). The main advantages that have contributed to the success of MLS are the drastic reduction in surveying times, the plurality of data acquirable, namely data from laser scans, high-resolution images, ground-penetrating radar and profilometer, and the possibility of processing the data acquired at a later time (Sukumar et al 2006, Economou et al 2015. The very high productivity of the MLS is not always accompanied by a high accuracy of the position of the measured points, which depends on both the measuring instruments (laser scanner, high-resolution cameras) and the navigation subsystem (GNSS, IMU, odometer).…”

Section: Single Scan Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Terrestrial laser scanner for the analysis of airport pavement geometry

Barbarella

Blasiis

Fiani

2017

International Journal of Pavement Engineering

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The knowledge of the geometric features of an airport’s pavement surface is essential to ensuring the safety and comfort of the driving users. For this purpose, it is important to find the most suitable survey methods and computation procedures for determining these geometric features and their evolution over time. In this study, we used a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) to survey a stretch of a taxiway of an international airport. We designed the survey with the goal of defining the optimal parameters for the scans and the spacing between the TLS station points, combining high efficiency with data quality and accuracy. An algorithm for the semi-automatic extraction of the longitudinal and transversal profiles of the track from the digital elevation model (DEM) has been implemented. Longitudinal and cross slopes have been computed from the profiles using a linear fit, assessing the conformity of the values to the standards. The algorithm allows the verification of irregularities and the assessment of the severity of deviations from a linear trend. Our approach is suitable for obtaining an accurate reconstruction of the road surface that can be measured in post-processing and that is geo-referenced in a way that allows monitoring over time. We believe that the surveying technique that we analysed and assessed could improves the effectiveness of the measurements, and it could be used wherever pavement geometry control cannot be performed on discrete elements but rather a continuous approach is needed

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Section: Single Scan Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Terrestrial laser scanner for the analysis of airport pavement geometry

Barbarella

Blasiis

Fiani

2017

International Journal of Pavement Engineering

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“…GPR is a non-destructive geophysical method that images the subsurface using radar pulses (Economou et al, 2015;Iqbal et al, 2020). GPR is notable for its notoriously difficult automated data analysis, although it is particularly promising for soil studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of 2D and 3D GPR data interpretation using continuous wavelet transforms: Case study from an archaeological test site

Iqbal

Xiong²,

Tian³

et al. 2022

Front. Earth Sci.

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Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is one of the most important techniques for obtaining high-resolution data in archaeological research, and it is becoming increasingly important. The continuous wavelet transform (CWT), which is non-numerical technique, gives an overcomplete representation of a signal by continuously varying the wavelet’s translation and scale parameters in the time series dataset. This paper focuses on the novel technique of integrating CWT and the wavelet transform maxima (WTM) to extract information from an archaeological test site in south-eastern China. For the characterization of archaeological features, we assessed the importance of dense and accurate data collection as well as GPR signal processing. The mathematical formulation and applicability of GPR attributes, particularly amplitude-based attributes, to identify and characterize archaeological buried targets are also discussed. GPR data is acquired using co-polarized and cross-polarized configurations with transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) broadside frequency plates at 100 and 200 MHz. Next, CWT was applied using six different wavelet levels, followed by amplitude comparison. The archaeological targets were successfully interpreted using peak amplitude and CWT. The proposed methodology has significantly improved data visualization and interpretation of GPR data, and it also gave us good results in identifying archaeological anomalies.

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“…Cassidy ; Economou et al . ) or improvements on specific flow steps, for example, ringing noise removal (Kim, Cho and Yi ), propagation effects compensation (Xavier Neto and Medeiros ), and background removal (Rashed and Harbi ; Montiel‐Zafra et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there is extensive literature available on GPR processing, they often fall into two categories: generic processing (e.g. Cassidy 2009;Economou et al 2015) or improvements on specific flow steps, for example, ringing noise removal (Kim, Cho and Yi 2007), propagation effects compensation (Xavier Neto and Medeiros 2006), and background removal (Rashed and Harbi 2014;Montiel-Zafra et al 2017). Given the importance and the notorious difficulty of imaging and interpreting karstified carbonate rocks (Grasmueck et al 2013), we present here a flow for processing GPR data in carbonate karst.…”

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confidence: 99%

Enhancing stratigraphic, structural and dissolution features in GPR images of carbonate karst through data processing

Oliveira

Medeiros

Santana

et al. 2019

Near Surface Geophysics

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Obtaining high‐quality ground penetrating radar (GPR) images in karst is difficult because materials resulting from the weathering of carbonate rocks might be electrically conductive. As a consequence, penetration depth and signal resolution might be greatly reduced due to attenuation. In addition, fractures and faults might cause a significant amount of electromagnetic wave scattering. We present a 2D data processing flow which allows improving the quality of GPR images in carbonate karst. The processing flow is composed of the following steps: obtaining a zero‐offset section by removing the direct wave, low‐frequency noise removal, geometrical spreading and exponential gain compensation, spectral balancing, Kirchhoff migration, bandpass filtering, amplitude‐volume enhancement, and topographic correction. For a 200‐MHz dataset, we present in detail each step of the processing flow, exemplifying how to parameterize every step. Spectral balancing is of key importance because it can approximately replenish the high‐frequency content lost due to propagation effects. In this step, we recommend to shift the centroid frequency as much as possible to high‐frequency values, even exceeding the nominal value of the antenna center frequency, but still looking for a band‐limited spectrum as the goal. Despite the difficulty of migrating GPR data, we show that migration (even assuming a constant velocity) might enhance the lateral continuity of the reflection events and allows identification of discontinuities such as faults and fractures. If imaged in a better way, these structures can have special importance as they are often the boundaries of dissolution features. Obtaining images based on amplitude‐volume enhancement techniques allows to better visualize karst voids and deep‐rooted discontinuities because these features are often associated with low‐amplitude zones, which are highlighted in such images. Due to this processing flow, stratigraphic, structural and dissolution features can be enhanced, allowing the interpreter to establish spatial and genetic associations among these elements to obtain a better understanding of the karst formation process.

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GPR Data Processing Techniques

Cited by 13 publications

References 70 publications

Terrestrial laser scanner for the analysis of airport pavement geometry

Terrestrial laser scanner for the analysis of airport pavement geometry

Analysis of 2D and 3D GPR data interpretation using continuous wavelet transforms: Case study from an archaeological test site

Enhancing stratigraphic, structural and dissolution features in GPR images of carbonate karst through data processing

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