“…In this manner a more critical stance has been taken of, for example, purely technical innovations in powertrain that have emerged in more recent times but which have not sought to be part of a broader challenge to existing concepts of automobility or of the industry model that supports those existing concepts. In turn such insights have supported further engagement and impact in other areas such as carbon emission reduction policies (Brink et al, 2005;Chase et al, 2014;Wells et al, 2013), policies and business models to support electric vehicles and associated infrastructures (ENEVATE, 2013;Hill et al, 2013aHill et al, , 2013bWells, 2010cWells, , 2010dWells, , 2013Wells and Morreau, 2010b;Wells and Nieuwenhuis, 2012), local economic opportunities around electric vehicles (ENEVATE, 2013;Newman, Wells and Nieuwenhuis, 2014;Newman et al, 2014Newman et al, , 2014bWells, 2012), and the interaction between incumbents and new entrants in the industry around technological innovations such as autonomous cars (Steinhilber, Wells and Thankappan, 2013;Wells, 2008c;Wells and Nieuwenhuis, 2012;Wells and Xenias, 2015). These activities have included industry conference events and corporate training workshops (e.g.…”