Government: Unnecessary but Inevitable

Holcombe, Randall G.

doi:10.4324/9781315082349-22

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Despite these two early contributions, the modern economic literature on the formation and evolution of protection firms from a situation of anarchy is generally attributed to the influential works of Nozick (1974) and Buchanan (1975). Holcombe (2004), extending this literature, argues that in the absence of government, people will organize protection firms, which will grow into mafias and eventually gain monopoly power and establish themselves as governments. Skaperdas and Syropoulos (1995) describe how, in a state of anarchy, those with a comparative advantage in violence grab and maintain power through coercion of those who have a comparative advantage in production.…”

Section: The Economic Model Of Gang Formationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Youth Gangs as Pseudo‐Governments: Implications for Violent Crime

Sobel

Osoba

2009

Southern Economic Journal

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We hypothesize that the failure of government to protect the rights of individuals from violence committed by youths has led to the formation of youth gangs as protective agencies. Our theory predicts an opposite direction of causality between gang activity and violent crime from what is widely accepted. While areas with more gang activity also have more violence, our results suggest that gangs form as protection agencies precisely in areas with high violent crime rates. While gangs, like governments, use violence to enforce rules, the net impact of gangs is likely to lower violent crime. We test this hypothesis and offer policy implications.

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Section: The Economic Model Of Gang Formationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Youth Gangs as Pseudo‐Governments: Implications for Violent Crime

Sobel

Osoba

2009

Southern Economic Journal

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“…Państwo wycofałoby się nie tylko z obszaru produkcji i regulacji opieki medycznej, ale również między innymi z obszaru opieki społecznej, edukacji, kontroli jakości produktów czy tworzenia prawa dotyczącego ochrony tak zwanej własności intelektualnej. Systemową ramą, wewnątrz której pojawiłby się CPOM, jest więc tak zwane państwo minimalne (państwo ograniczające się do zapewniania porządku publicznego i nieangażujące się w żadne funkcje redystrybucyjne i regulacyjne) (Wójtowicz, 2016;Hasnas, 2003;Holcombe, 2004) lub anarchokapitalizm (system bezpaństwowy, w którym produkcją bezpieczeństwa, prawa i rozstrzyganiem sporów zajmowałyby się prywatne firmy) (Wójtowicz, 2017;Friedman, 2014;Osterfeld, 1986). Niemniej jednak CPOM może być również rozpatrywana jako projekt funkcjonujący wewnątrz dominującego obecnie modelu państwa redystrybucyjno-regulacyjnego.…”

Section: Wstępunclassified

Całkowicie prywatna opieka medyczna — próba zarysu

Wójtowicz¹,

Rozynek²

2020

ekon

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In this paper, we explore what the market for medical services and products could look like if the state completely withdrew from the area of medical care. In section 1, we demonstrate that medical services would be purchased mainly through direct payments and medical insurance. We analyse two models of medical insurance: guaranteed renewable insurance and health-status insurance. Other types of insurance that may emerge on the market are also discussed. In section 2, we exam-ine how the privatisation of the health-care system would affect the prices of medical services. We analyse fundamental problems of the state-run health care and discuss how they contribute to small-er supply and higher prices of medical services. We then describe how the introduction of market mechanisms would allow to solve many of these problems. We argue that internalisation of the costs of medical care in a free market order would create strong economic incentives for individuals to take better care of their health, and we contrast this with the state-run health care in which these costs are externalised. In section 3, we explore how medical services could be obtained by individuals without sufficient funds. In section 4, we discuss how the quality of medical care could be ensured without the help of the state. We argue that competition between service providers would be the main guarantor of quality. We also identify mechanisms that would lead to spontaneous emergence of a system of private medical licencing.

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“…9. For an example of an author who makes precisely this kind of "inevitabilist" argument, and to see how much of a stretch it would be to call his views and recommendations "statist" (at least according to the definition adopted in the present paper), see [8].…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At this point, a consequentialist-minded statist might suggest that even though he disapproves of the nature of the state activities described in the preceding paragraphs, he nonetheless accepts their existence as a matter of practical necessity or utilitarian calculus. 8 In other words, he might claim that the state does indeed steal, counterfeit, and engage in Ponzi scheming on a regular basis, while at the same time contending that in the absence of the state there would be even more theft, counterfeiting, and Ponzi scheming. And whilst this last point is highly debatable [5], [6], [7], [10], [14], [16], [17], [19], [24], [26], it cannot be denied, the argument goes, that by making it the statist can escape the accusation of amorality.…”

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confidence: 99%

Is Statism an Amoral Philosophy?

Wiśniewski

2020

Studia Humana

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Thick moral terms – such as theft, fraud, and counterfeiting – are terms whose very use implies a definitionally necessary moral evaluation of their content. In this paper, I shall argue that the philosophy of statism – that is, a philosophy grounded in the belief in the normative justifiability and desirability of monopolistic apparatuses of initiatory violence – is necessarily amoral insofar as it cannot apply thick moral terms in a logically consistent manner. By the same token, I shall argue that libertarianism – i.e., the view that only consensual social relations are morally acceptable – is the only general sociopolitical doctrine capable of accomplishing this task, thus, in contrast to statism, making its prescriptions susceptible to genuine moral evaluation.

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Government: Unnecessary but Inevitable

Cited by 20 publications

References 38 publications

Youth Gangs as Pseudo‐Governments: Implications for Violent Crime

Youth Gangs as Pseudo‐Governments: Implications for Violent Crime

Całkowicie prywatna opieka medyczna — próba zarysu

Is Statism an Amoral Philosophy?

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