Government Speech, Law and Policy on

Abstract

Governments, by the nature of their functions and purposes, communicate with people inside and outside of their jurisdictions. This process may be called “government speech.” The “law and policy of government speech” in different countries typically depends upon the nature and type of each government and how much that government controls its press systems. Globalization and related changes to governments more and more influence how those laws and policies are shaped (→ Globalization Theories). Whereas the press during the twentieth century, particularly in the United States, was a “primary conduit for information” about government to the people, governments now regularly use media in alternative conduits to exert control over that information, with negative implications for democracy, as Braman and Nerone (1995, 162–176) have argued (→ Political Communication Systems).

Minimal generating sets of non-modular invariant rings of finite groups

“…290. 5 1,2,6,6,9,8,4 (1,4,7)(2,8,5), (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) 455.1 1,2,6,11,20,25,26,10,8 A rather harmlessly looking class of transitive permutation groups is the natural action of the cyclic group C n of order n on n variables. The maximal degree occuring in a minimal generating set is, by Noether's bound, of course at most |C n | = n, hence, quite small.…”

“…According to an advice of G. Kemper [7], we used this as an example for the computation of irreducible secondary invariants (see [10] or the benchmark in the next section). But of course it is also a nice example for the computation of a minimal generating set.…”

“…The last column of the tables indicates the number of generators of a minimal generating set of R G , sorted degree-wise. 117 474 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1 (1,2,3,4,5,6,7), (1,2) 198 0.04 1,1,1,1,1,1,1 56 > 7200 1,2,2,3,2,2,1,1,1,3,3,2,2,1,1,1 (1,2,3,4 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1 (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8), (1,2) 24629 0.18 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1 In total, there are 50 classes of transitive permutation groups on 8 variables, but for five of them, neither Singular nor Magma succeeded with the computation in the realm of our time and memory limits. Note that, according to [14], MuPAD can manage one of these five exceptions with the library PerMuVAR; with a memory limit of 500 Mb and a time limit of 2 days, it can compute 17 of the 50 examples.…”