Government Planning and the Location of the Motor Vehicle Industry in Chile

Export-Orientation and Enterprise Development: A Comparison of New Zealand and Chilean Wine Production

“…Chile for example, has for long attempted to develop an export-oriented industry with increasing value-added. In the inward-oriented phase of the 1960s and early 1970s, the Chilean Government tried to develop export-oriented automobile and electronics industries in the northern growth pole of Arica (Gwynne 1978(Gwynne , 1980. Neither sector, however, was able to generate any significant exports.…”

The Future of the Unrisd Programme on Regional Development

“…We will come back to this latter issue in the section on Industrialization. Meanwhile, it is interesting to notice, that also in Chile and Nigeria as reported by Gwynne (1978) and Abumere (1978) respectively, it is found that head offices of national enterprises or the main offices of multinationals in developing countries show the same tendency : they prefer location in the capital city. At the same time, however, an important difference exists with the metropolitan areas of the rich countries: whereas in the latter the share of industrial employment is decreasing and the absolute value of industrial employment has stabilized or is even decreasing, we find that in the metropoles of Third World countries industrial employment is on the increase, much more so in relative terms than in the other regions of these countries, while at the same time a numerous population exists that is more or less (but mainly less) gainfully employed in what has been called the informal sector.…”

“…The first question can often be answered in a qualitative way after which the 'luring' and 'pushing' can start. Gwynne (1978) has reported in an interesting way on the automobile industry in Chile under Frei and Allende, and Firn (1975) and Thwaites (1978) report on the lagging regions of Britain. They all agree with Higgins & Downing Higgins : most of the employment created in the lagging regions they studied under regional development policies comes about in branch plants.…”

8. On Unresolved Issues in Regional Development Thinking

“…There is no doubt, however, that government incentives may considerably change this tendency. This has become clear from the experience in the Brazilian North East (Haddad 1977) as well as from the Chilean experience in the period 1962-69 as reported by Gwynne (1978). The latter shows that the determination on the part of the Chilean government of that period to provide an industrial economic bas'efor the very peripheral location of Arica (on the Northern border with Perfil has been successful.…”