Government Legislation in Response to the Opioid Epidemic

Race, Ethnicity, and Insurance: the Association with Opioid Use in a Pediatric Hospital Setting

“…The unprecedented rates of opioid misuse and related deaths in the USA have commanded the attention of public health professionals and governmental health agencies [1]. It was reported that the death rate from abuse of opioids quadrupled between 1999 and 2010, a rate which continues to increase and plague the nation [2,3].…”

Nalbuphine and addiction: from the basic science to clinical set

“…In the United States of America, this opiate crisis scenario, which in 2016 alone resulted in the estimated death of over 64,000 people, was characterized as the Opioid Epidemic and declared as a national public health emergency. 1 Nalbuphine (C21H27NO4) is a synthetic kappa receptor agonist opioid and partial Mu receptor antagonist, 2,3 which has been synthesized in an attempt to provide analgesia without the undesirable side effects of pure agonists. 4 Thus, the central analgesic action and lower Nalbuphine addiction/dependence potential would be exerted by the agonist action on kappa receptors, while its Muopioid agonist action would be responsible for its analgesic potential, equivalent to morphine and its lower respiratory depression.…”

Nalbuphine and Addiction: From the Basic Science to Clinical Set

“…In the United States of America (USA), this opioid crisis scenario, which in 2016 alone resulted in the estimated death of over 64,000 people, was characterized as the opioid epidemic and declared as a national public health emergency. [1] Nalbuphine (C 21 H 27 NO 4 ) is a synthetic kappa-receptor (KOR) agonist opioid and partial mu-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, [2,3] which has been synthesized in an attempt to provide analgesia without the undesirable side effects of pure agonists. [4] The central and peripheral analgesic action and the lower risk of addiction/dependence potential seem to be related to the agonist action on KOR, while its MOR antagonist action would be responsible for its lower risk of respiratory depression.…”