Governança da restauração florestal por instrumentos de políticas públicas e redes: mecanismos de coordenação no Estado de São Paulo e no Vale do Paraíba paulista

Abstract

Restoring ecosystems and forests requires coordination mechanisms to promote stakeholder collaboration considering the complexity of ecological, socio-economic and regulatory factors surrounding the issue. Forest restoration governance processes comprise these mechanisms represented by public policy instruments and networks of organised social actors. The aim of the thesis was to describe the governance mechanisms of forest restoration at two levels: by the public policy instruments adopted in the state of São Paulo and by the network of social actors in the Paraíba Valley of São Paulo. Textual data mining methods, semi-structured interviews and social mapping were used to collect the data. Content analysis of the normative acts identified that between 2009 and 2022, 10 programmes and more than 20 public policy instruments were combined to promote forest restoration in the state. The content analysis of the interviews and the social network in the Paraíba Valley identified 22 networked restoration initiatives between 2006 and 2019, with 92 social actors currently making up the restoration network, with regional and international non-governmental actors being central to the intermediation and dissemination of resources and the integration of actors into the region's network, in collaboration with government actors. The governance of forest restoration in the state of São Paulo has evolved with the inclusion of new policy instruments, mainly incentive instruments, accompanied by the greater centrality of non-governmental actors in the initiatives.