Governability of High-Value Fisheries in Low-Income Contexts: a Case Study of the Sea Cucumber Fishery in Papua New Guinea

Barclay, Kate; Fabinyi, Michael; Kinch, Jeff; Foale, Simon

doi:10.1007/s10745-019-00078-8

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…For example, livelihoods and resource use patterns on Karkar are also likely shaped in part by teleconnections with distant places through international markets for agricultural cash crops (copra, cocoa) and marine products (shark fins, beche-de-mer) (52). Land use practices and resource harvesting may respond not only to fluctuating international market prices but also to government policies that attempt to mitigate the negative environmental effects of these teleconnections (such as a countrywide moratorium on beche-de-mer) (53).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sixteen years of social and ecological dynamics reveal challenges and opportunities for adaptive management in sustaining the commons

Cinner

Lau

Bauman

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Efforts to confront the challenges of environmental change and uncertainty include attempts to adaptively manage social–ecological systems. However, critical questions remain about whether adaptive management can lead to sustainable outcomes for both ecosystems and society. Here, we make a contribution to these efforts by presenting a 16-y analysis of ecological outcomes and perceived livelihood impacts from adaptive coral reef management in Papua New Guinea. The adaptive management system we studied was a customary rotational fisheries closure system (akin to fallow agriculture), which helped to increase the biomass of reef fish and make fish less wary (more catchable) relative to openly fished areas. However, over time the amount of fish in openly fished reefs slowly declined. We found that, overall, resource users tended to have positive perceptions about this system, but there were negative perceptions when fishing was being prohibited. We also highlight some of the key traits of this adaptive management system, including 1) strong social cohesion, whereby leaders played a critical role in knowledge exchange; 2) high levels of compliance, which was facilitated via a “carrot-and-stick” approach that publicly rewarded good behavior and punished deviant behavior; and 3) high levels of participation by community actors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sixteen years of social and ecological dynamics reveal challenges and opportunities for adaptive management in sustaining the commons

Cinner

Lau

Bauman

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Social norms in some fisheries hold that men are responsible for income generation while women take care of household duties (Fröcklin et al 2014, de la Torre-Castro et al 2017, Biswas 2018) and wealth might be held by young men (Barclay et al 2019). However, this stereotype is an overgeneralization for most SSFs (Harper et al 2013, Biswas 2018.…”

Section: Fishing Income and Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some cases, increased income in fisheries might spur consumption of alcohol, or other expenses of limited benefit to community development, e.g., alcohol, gambling, and https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol26/iss1/art14/ transactional sex (Barclay et al 2019, Hair et al 2019). This appears not the case in our study, at least based on accounts by men and women fishers.…”

Section: Other Well-being Dimensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic impacts of resource diversification from small-scale fishery development

Tagliafico¹,

Cullis²,

Gogel³

2021

E&S

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The predicted future shortfall in seafood production from tropical small-scale fisheries demands support to help diversify income streams and food production for coastal communities. Livelihood diversification can comprise the enhancement or addition of components to existing fisheries, yet the likely socioeconomic impacts are unclear. With a long history of nondeleterious introductions, the marine snail "trochus" (Rochia nilotica) was introduced to Samoa from 2003 to 2006 to offer a new artisanal fishery resource. Some 15 years later, we surveyed 303 fishers using structured questionnaires and mixed effects models to evaluate how the fishery has contributed to fisher well-being and what factors have influenced the socioeconomic impacts. Most fishers consumed part of their catch and both fisherwomen and fishermen shared harvests informally within communities, thereby bolstering resilience of the socialecological systems at the community level. More than one-quarter of fishers sold part of their catch and the new earnings represented 17% of their gross income from all sources. Fishing incomes were gender equitable and influenced by fishing frequency and capital assets (boats). Most fishers were satisfied with income from the relatively new fishery and improved income was reported by a majority of fishers, especially those younger and less experienced. Additional money from the fishery was most often spent on food, church tithing, and school fees. This relatively new fishery fostered positive well-being outcomes that were gender inclusive. Extrapolations of annual incomes across the fishery reveal a rapid return on investment from foreign-aid funded development. The study reveals that certain coastal artisanal fisheries can be gender equitable and that benefits are likely underestimated because of subsistence consumption and informal distribution networks. Diversifying the marine resources accessible to small-scale fishers offers a promising strategy to support coastal livelihoods and strengthen resilience of social-ecological systems.

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“…In addition to the development of catching fish for local marketplaces, a variety of export fisheries has emerged in PNG, including tuna (Barclay & Cartwright, 2008;Havice & Reed, 2012), aquarium fish (Máñez et al, 2014), live reef food fish (Hamilton & Matawai, 2006) and dried sea products. In coastal areas, bêche-de-mer and other dried products such as shark fin have been traded to South-East Asia since the 1800s, but became a significant industry in PNG from the early 1990s, as demand for these products in China boomed (Barclay et al, 2019;Kinch, 2020). Sea cucumbers are harvested usually by groups, dried and processed locally, and then transported to provincial capitals for trade onwards (see Fig.…”

Section: Papua New Guineamentioning

confidence: 99%

Responding to Global Change

Fabinyi

Barclay

2021

Asia-Pacific Fishing Livelihoods

Self Cite

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This chapter focuses on the wider processes of political-economic change that drive key characteristics of fishing livelihoods. Globalisation has dramatically expanded the scale and accelerated the pace of fisheries capture and trade, generating new opportunities and challenges for livelihoods and marine environments. Here we document some of the major characteristics of the history of fishing across the Asia-Pacific, before focusing on case studies of the Philippines and PNG. We highlight three related features of globalisation that have influenced fishing livelihoods and that continue to shape them today: migration, engagement with markets and new technologies, and interactions with other forms of economic activity, including those outside the fisheries sector.

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Governability of High-Value Fisheries in Low-Income Contexts: a Case Study of the Sea Cucumber Fishery in Papua New Guinea

Cited by 29 publications

References 50 publications

Sixteen years of social and ecological dynamics reveal challenges and opportunities for adaptive management in sustaining the commons

Sixteen years of social and ecological dynamics reveal challenges and opportunities for adaptive management in sustaining the commons

Socioeconomic impacts of resource diversification from small-scale fishery development

Responding to Global Change

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