Gout, Particularly Diuretics-Induced, is on the Increase in Finland

Isomäki, H; Essen, R von; Ruutsalo, Helka-Marjatta

doi:10.3109/03009747709095452

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In England, Currie [ 79 ] reported the prevalence of gout to be 0.26% in 1975, and a multicenter study [ 80 ] reported the prevalence to be 0.95% in 1995. Various studies revealed that both gout and hyperuricemia have been increasing in the USA, Finland, New Zealand, and Taiwan [ 81 - 84 ]. The most recent study of the incidence of gout was a longitudinal cohort study of 1,337 eligible medical students who received a standardized medical examination and questionnaire during medical school [ 85 ].…”

Section: The Epidemiology Of Goutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological studies in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and comorbidity of the rheumatic diseases

Gabriel¹,

2009

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Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of disease in human populations. Over the past decade there has been considerable progress in our understanding of the fundamental descriptive epidemiology (levels of disease frequency: incidence and prevalence, comorbidity, mortality, trends over time, geographic distributions, and clinical characteristics) of the rheumatic diseases. This progress is reviewed for the following major rheumatic diseases: rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, giant cell arteritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, gout, Sjögren's syndrome, and ankylosing spondylitis. These findings demonstrate the dynamic nature of the incidence and prevalence of these conditions -a reflection of the impact of genetic and environmental factors. The past decade has also brought new insights regarding the comorbidity associated with rheumatic diseases. Strong evidence now shows that persons with RA are at a high risk for developing several comorbid disorders, that these conditions may have atypical features and thus may be difficult to diagnose, and that persons with RA experience poorer outcomes after comorbidity compared with the general population. Taken together, these findings underscore the complexity of the rheumatic diseases and highlight the key role of epidemiological research in understanding these intriguing conditions. IntroductionEpidemiology has taken an important role in improving our understanding of the outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other rheumatic diseases. Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of disease in human populations. This definition is based on two fundamental assumptions. First, human disease does not occur at random; and second, human disease has causal and preventive factors that can be identified through systematic investigation of different populations or subgroups of individuals within a population in different places or at different times. Thus, epidemiologic studies include simple descriptions of the manner in which disease appears in a population (levels of disease frequency: incidence and prevalence, comorbidity, mortality, trends over time, geographic distributions, and clinical characteristics) and studies that attempt to quantify the roles played by putative risk factors for disease occurrence. Over the past decade considerable progress has been made in both types of epidemiologic studies. The latter studies are the topic of Professor Silman's review in this special issue of Arthritis Research & Therapy [1]. In this review we examine a decade of progress on the descriptive epidemiology (incidence, prevalence, and survival) associated with the major rheumatic diseases. We then discuss the influence of comorbidity on the epidemiology of rheumatic diseases, using RA as an example. The epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritisThe most reliable estimates of incidence, prevalence, and mortality in RA are those derived from population-bas...

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Section: The Epidemiology Of Goutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological studies in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and comorbidity of the rheumatic diseases

Gabriel¹,

2009

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“…In the USA the self reported prevalence of gout almost trebled in men aged 45 to 64 years between 1969 and 1981 2 and in Finland there was a 10-fold increase in gout or hyperuricaemia over an eight year period 3. Reasons for the rising prevalence of gout include dietary changes, environmental factors, increasing longevity, subclinical renal impairment, and the increased use of drugs causing hyperuricaemia, particularly diuretics 1-5…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gout is on the increase in New Zealand

Klemp

Stansfield

Castle

et al. 1997

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

193

106

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Objective-To determine the current prevalence of hyperuricaemia and gout in New Zealand Maori and Europeans for comparison with previous studies. Methods-342 Maori and 315 European men and women aged 15 years and older were studied by personal interview and a musculoskeletal system examination. The 1977 ARA criteria for gout in a survey setting were used and serum uric acid was determined by a uricase method. The data were compared with those of previous New Zealand studies. Results-Gout was significantly more common in Maori (6.4%) than Europeans (2.9%) ( = 3.6%, 95% confidence interval 0.4 to 6.8) and in Maori men (13.9%) than in European men (5.8%) ( = 8.1%, 95% CI 1.0 to 15.2). Hyperuricaemia was significantly more common in Maori men (27.1%) than in European men (9.4%) ( = 17.7%, 95% CI 8.3 to 27.1) and in Maori women (26.6%) than in European women (10.5%) ( = 16.1%, 95% CI 8.5 to 23.7). At least 14% of hyperuricaemic individuals were receiving diuretics, of whom 78% were women. Comparison with previous studies shows that the prevalence of gout has increased in both Maori and Europeans, particularly in men. In Maori men the prevalence of gout has risen from 4.5-10.4% previously to 13.9%, and in European men from 0.7%-2.0% previously to 5.8%. Clinical diVerences included a stronger family history, earlier age at onset, and a higher frequency of tophi and polyarticular gout in Maori than Europeans. Of those with gout, 62% of Maori and 63% of Europeans were hyperuricaemic on the day surveyed and six (19.4%) were on diuretics. Treatment of gout was inadequate in most cases. Conclusions-Hyperuricaemia and gout remain common among Maori. Of concern is that the prevalence of gout appears to be on the increase, not only in Maori but also in Europeans in New Zealand.

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“…They are said to produce hyperuricaemia by diminishing renal excretion of uric acid. Studies from Finland 7 blame diuretics for the present increase of gout in that country where it was considered a rare disease. We had 7 cases of gout where diuretics were mainly responsible.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gout In Women

Haleem

1984

Int J Clinical Practice

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Gout, Particularly Diuretics-Induced, is on the Increase in Finland

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Epidemiological studies in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and comorbidity of the rheumatic diseases

Epidemiological studies in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and comorbidity of the rheumatic diseases

Gout is on the increase in New Zealand

Gout In Women

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