Gossypol reduced the intestinal amino acid absorption capacity of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Dietary soybean β‐conglycinin suppresses growth performance and inconsistently triggers apoptosis in the intestine of juvenile grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) in association with ROS‐mediated MAPK signalling

“…The membranes were blocked with 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 1 hr at room temperature, incubated overnight with the primary antibody (Affinity Biologicals Inc., Canada) at 4°C, then incubated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)‐conjugated secondary antibodies at room temperature for 2 hr and finally detected by an ECL reagent kit (Affinity Biologicals Inc., Canada). The density of the blot bands was quantified using NIH Image 1.63 software, and the relative density was normalized to that in the control group as described by Wang et al ().…”

Dietary curcumin supplementation enhanced growth performance, intestinal digestion, and absorption and amino acid transportation abilities in on‐growing grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella )

“…Three intestinal segments (400 mg) were diluted with sulphosalicylic acid solution (10%) and homogenized, followed by centrifugation at 138,000 g at 4°C for 10 min. The supernatant solution (1 ml) was filtered through a filter (0.22 µm), and the FAA contents were determined using an automatic AA analyser (L‐8800, Hitachi) (Wang et al., 2018).…”

“…Fish growth performance is highly dependent on dietary proteins, which are hydrolysed by digestive enzymes into small peptides and amino acids (AA) and absorbed by small peptide, and/or free AA (FAA) transporters in fish intestines (Huang, Wen, Li, Xuan, & Zhu, 2017; Zhang et al., 2019). The positive effects of FAA and small peptide absorption catalysed by the brush border enzymes in the intestine on the growth performance of fish have been reviewed previously (Habte‐Tsion et al., 2015; Rønnestad & Conceição, 2012; Rungruangsak‐Torrissen et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2018). In addition, FAAs and small peptides are the predominant precursors of protein synthesis in organisms (Fern & Garlick, 1974; Hofland & de Jong, 2019) and their absorption relies mainly on the respective transporters in the intestine of animals (Bröer, 2008; Liu et al., 2013).…”

“…In addition, FAAs and small peptides are the predominant precursors of protein synthesis in organisms (Fern & Garlick, 1974; Hofland & de Jong, 2019) and their absorption relies mainly on the respective transporters in the intestine of animals (Bröer, 2008; Liu et al., 2013). The peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) in the animal gut is a primary transporter of small peptides (Chen, Wong, & Webb, 1999; Wang et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2019). The amino acid transporters (AAT) can be divided into the following four primary types: neutral and cationic AAT (NCAAT) (e.g.…”

“…SLC7A1) and anionic AAT (AAAT) (e.g. SLC1A3), which all play different roles in FAA transport in animals (Bröer, 2002, 2008; Wang et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2019). Results from previous studies have shown that curcumin might regulate the four AATs and small peptide transporters.…”