Gospel of malignant Glioma: Oncolytic virus therapy

Li, Jinjian; Meng, Qingguo; Zhou, Xingyue; Zhao, Hehe; Wang, Kun; Niu, Huanjiang; Wang, Yirong

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2022.146217

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…The resulting oncolytic virus candidates can replicate and subsequently lyse tumor cells, which releases more viral particles into the tumor sites. 444 , 445 Therefore, a small dose of virus can be expanded in vivo. Talimogene laherparepvec (OncoVex, T-VEC) is an oncolytic virus agent approved by the FDA for use in melanoma in 2015.…”

Section: Other Types Of Immunotherapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic targets and biomarkers of tumor immunotherapy: response versus non-response

Wang

Sun

2022

Sig Transduct Target Ther

190

114

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Cancers are highly complex diseases that are characterized by not only the overgrowth of malignant cells but also an altered immune response. The inhibition and reprogramming of the immune system play critical roles in tumor initiation and progression. Immunotherapy aims to reactivate antitumor immune cells and overcome the immune escape mechanisms of tumors. Represented by immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive cell transfer, tumor immunotherapy has seen tremendous success in the clinic, with the capability to induce long-term regression of some tumors that are refractory to all other treatments. Among them, immune checkpoint blocking therapy, represented by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors (nivolumab) and CTLA-4 inhibitors (ipilimumab), has shown encouraging therapeutic effects in the treatment of various malignant tumors, such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and melanoma. In addition, with the advent of CAR-T, CAR-M and other novel immunotherapy methods, immunotherapy has entered a new era. At present, evidence indicates that the combination of multiple immunotherapy methods may be one way to improve the therapeutic effect. However, the overall clinical response rate of tumor immunotherapy still needs improvement, which warrants the development of novel therapeutic designs as well as the discovery of biomarkers that can guide the prescription of these agents. Learning from the past success and failure of both clinical and basic research is critical for the rational design of studies in the future. In this article, we describe the efforts to manipulate the immune system against cancer and discuss different targets and cell types that can be exploited to promote the antitumor immune response.

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Section: Other Types Of Immunotherapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic targets and biomarkers of tumor immunotherapy: response versus non-response

Wang

Sun

2022

Sig Transduct Target Ther

190

114

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“…The types of viruses used in the treatment reflected the multitudinous research and development route. Through virus transformation technology [ 13 ], the development of oncolytic virus products with different characteristics to achieve better glioma tropism and tumor-killing ability. We summarized and analyzed the use of different oncolytic viruses in published clinical studies, especially the maximum dose used and adverse events attributed to oncolytic therapy (Table 1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical advances in oncolytic virus therapy for malignant glioma: a systematic review

Jiang,

Chai,

Tang

et al. 2023

Discov Onc

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Purpose In the past decade, there has been little progress in the treatment of malignant glioma. Recently, oncolytic virus has made great progress in glioma treatment, and a number of clinical trials have shown their potential of prolonging the survival time of glioma patients. Our objective is to evaluate effectiveness and safety of oncolytic virus (OV) in malignant glioma treatment. Methodology Based upon PRISMA, we collected relevant published clinical trials by searching medical databases up to January 16, 2023, applying the language restrictions in English and Chinese. We cross-searched the terms: ‘glioma’, ‘glioblastoma’, ‘oncolytic viruses’, ‘oncolytic virotherapy’ with filter ‘clinical trial’. Two researchers independently extracted the data regarding case definitions, published years, trial phase, characteristics of patients, administration of drug, overall survival (OS), and adverse events. Results 19 published clinical trials in OV treatment of malignant glioma were included in the further systematic review analysis. None of them induced irresistible adverse effects attributing to OV treatment, median overall survival varied from 3.25 to 20.2 months after treatments. According to trials providing patient’s detailed molecular diagnosis, we find that the effectiveness of OV treatment has no significant difference in patients with different IDH or MGMT status. Conclusions Current clinical trials have initially shown the potential of oncolytic virotherapy as a new treatment for malignant glioma. Besides development of virus types, the strategy of OV use is an urgent problem to be solved in future clinical application, such as repeated administrations, innovative drug delivery systems, and biomarkers.

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“…Oncolytic virotherapy is a novel approach for the targeted therapy of neoplasms that utilizes viruses for the elimination of tumor cells. While the exact mechanisms and the nature of tropism for such viruses might still be unknown, the main theories involve either direct killing of the targeted cells or indirect modulation of the host’s immune system response in order to mediate immunogenic cytotoxicity [ 158 , 159 ]. Clinical trials that have tested oncolytic virotherapy showed increased overall survival as compared with historical controls for polio-rhinovirus chimera PVSRIPO [ 160 ]; tumor reduction and safety were observed for tumor-replicative adenovirus DNX2401 with a median overall survival at 13 months for patients who received the treatment intratumorally [ 161 ].…”

Section: Drug Delivery Systems For Active Targeting Of Brain Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted Glioma Therapy—Clinical Trials and Future Directions

Shikalov,

Koman,

Kogan

2024

Pharmaceutics

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Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common type of glioma, with a median survival of 14.6 months post-diagnosis. Understanding the molecular profile of such tumors allowed the development of specific targeted therapies toward GBM, with a major role attributed to tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Targeted therapeutics are drugs that work by specific binding to GBM-specific or overexpressed markers on the tumor cellular surface and therefore contain a recognition moiety linked to a cytotoxic agent, which produces an antiproliferative effect. In this review, we have summarized the available information on the targeted therapeutics used in clinical trials of GBM and summarized current obstacles and advances in targeted therapy concerning specific targets present in GBM tumor cells, outlined efficacy endpoints for major classes of investigational drugs, and discussed promising strategies towards an increase in drug efficacy in GBM.

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Gospel of malignant Glioma: Oncolytic virus therapy

Cited by 19 publications

References 156 publications

Therapeutic targets and biomarkers of tumor immunotherapy: response versus non-response

Therapeutic targets and biomarkers of tumor immunotherapy: response versus non-response

Clinical advances in oncolytic virus therapy for malignant glioma: a systematic review

Targeted Glioma Therapy—Clinical Trials and Future Directions

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