Gortex-Based Gas Diffusion Electrodes with Unprecedented Resistance to Flooding and Leaking

Tiwari, Prerna; Tsekouras, George; Swiegers, Gerhard F.; Wallace, Gordon G.

doi:10.1021/acsami.8b05358

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…For example, Tiwari et al reported a Gortex-based GDE, where metallic mesh was used as the current collector to provide conductivity, while a Gortex membrane was used to provide hydrophobicity and porosity. 13 It is worth noting that our work and most others reported in the literature used commercial GDLs without any pretreatment. Further work in modifying or pretreating GDLs may prove to be useful in understanding or preventing flooding mechanisms.…”

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confidence: 88%

“…Lastly, continued development of non-carbon GDLs is also encouraged, particularly ones that decouple the traditional requirements for a GDL (conductivity, hydrophobicity, and porosity) but remain functional over larger areas. For example, Tiwari et al reported a Gortex-based GDE, where metallic mesh was used as the current collector to provide conductivity, while a Gortex membrane was used to provide hydrophobicity and porosity . It is worth noting that our work and most others reported in the literature used commercial GDLs without any pretreatment.…”

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confidence: 88%

“…A typical GDL consists of a porous matrix capable of allowing gas transport but limiting the transport of liquids . GDLs have been employed for many systems and reactions such as fuel cells, chlor-alkali electrolysis with oxygen-depolarized cathodes, and most recently CO 2 electrolysis. In CO 2 electrolysis, various GDLs have been tested, including carbon-based, metal-based, , PTFE-based, and membrane-based structures .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Role of the Carbon-Based Gas Diffusion Layer on Flooding in a Gas Diffusion Electrode Cell for Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction

et al. 2020

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The deployment of gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) for the electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) has enabled current densities an order of magnitude greater than those of aqueous H cells. The gains in production, however, have come with stability challenges due to rapid flooding of GDEs, which frustrate both laboratory experiments and scale-up prospects. Here, we investigate the role of carbon gas diffusion layers (GDLs) in the advent of flooding during CO2RR, finding that applied potential plays a central role in the observed instabilities. Electrochemical characterization of carbon GDLs with and without catalysts suggests that the high overpotential required during electrochemical CO2RR initiates hydrogen evolution on the carbon GDL support. These potentials impact the wetting characteristics of the hydrophobic GDL, resulting in flooding that is independent of CO2RR. Findings from this work can be extended to any electrochemical reduction reaction using carbon-based GDEs (CORR or N 2 RR) with cathodic overpotentials of less than −0.65 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode.

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confidence: 88%

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confidence: 88%

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Role of the Carbon-Based Gas Diffusion Layer on Flooding in a Gas Diffusion Electrode Cell for Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction

et al. 2020

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“…A possible solution is to develop a type of hybrid reactor which have catholyte but no anolyte to study the half-cell potential of the gas-phase-membrane reactor. [170] In addition to the cell geometry, the CO 2 R performance in these cells can be influenced by the catalyst deposition methods, [18] the identity of the binder and ion-exchange membrane, [171] the decoration layer on the catalyst materials, [32] the composition of the GDE and electrolyte pH, [172][173][174] implying that the reaction environments surrounding the catalytic center are crucial for CO 2 R. [161]…”

Section: Influence Of the Reaction Environments On Co 2 Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Catalyst Dynamic Changes and Influence of the Reaction Environment on the Performance of Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction

Chen

Wang

2021

Advanced Materials

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202103900challenge for practically implementation of CO 2 R remains on improving the activity and selectivity toward the desired products. Great efforts have been devoted to the design of active and selective catalysts, resulting a range of effective strategies for catalyst development, including controlling the morphology, [4,5] chemical state, [6][7][8] phase and surface facet, [9][10][11] and coordination structure. [12][13][14][15] In addition to the catalyst development, the design and optimization of reactors for CO 2 R give another route to enhance the catalytic efficiency. [16][17][18][19][20][21] Nevertheless, the industrialization of the CO 2 R is still inhibited by its unsatisfactory activity, selectivity, and durability, particularly for multi-carbon (C 2+ ) products.One major difficulty for controlling electrochemical CO 2 R is that, its reaction pathways and reactivity are highly sensitive to the catalyst-active-site identity and the local reaction environment. [22] Even minor changes of the catalyst-electrolyte interface occurred during the electrocatalysis can substantially influence the overall catalytic performance. [4,6,23] Besides, many of these changes and factors are intertwined, further complicate the effectiveness of catalyst discovery and reactor design. For instance, dynamic morphological changes have been observed on Cu-based catalysts, [24] the resulted roughened or smoothened surfaces are expected to cause changes in surface facets, [25] chemical states, geometric current densities, [26] and further the local pH values. [27,28] When significant pH changes occur, the ions and CO 2 concentrations within the boundary layer are altered, [29,30] which could further lead to severe CO 2 consumption and overestimation of productivity and selectivity for a given system. [31] Hence, it is crucial to uncover the interplays between these dynamic changes at the catalyst-electrolyte interface and the catalytic performance.In the past years, some research has paid attention to the dynamic changes at the catalyst-electrolyte interface and other components in CO 2 R systems, [4,23,32] thus, motivating us to take a systematical review to summarize and understand this phenomenon in CO 2 reduction. The obtained insights can provide valuable guidance for future development of active and selective catalysts and reactors. We aim to highlight both the origin of these dynamic changes and the consequences they could bring to the CO 2 R. As shown in Figure 1, we focus on analyzing Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is substantially researched due to its potential for storing intermittent renewable electricity and simultaneously helping mitigating the pressing CO 2 emission concerns. The major challenge of electrochemical CO 2 reduction lies on having good controls of this reaction due to its complicated reaction networks and its unusual sensitivity to the dynamic changes of the catalyst structure (chemical states, compositions, facets and morphology, etc.), and to the non-catalyst components at...

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“…Therefore, it is crucial to supply sufficient water to the cathode to prevent precipitation . An excess of water will 1) dilute the product, which is undesired for downstream separation purposes, and 2) cause flooding of the GDE, limiting mass transport of CO 2 . Currently, water is supplied to the CO 2 stream by bubbling the gas through a heated water reservoir, resulting in a saturated gas flow .…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Water Injection in Catholyte‐Free Zero‐Gap Carbon Dioxide Electrolyzers

et al. 2020

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A zero‐gap flow electrolyzer with a tin‐coated gas diffusion electrode as the cathode was used to convert humidified gaseous CO2 to formate. The influence of humidification, flow pattern and the type of membrane on the faradaic efficiency (FE), product concentration, and salt precipitation were investigated. We demonstrated that water management in the gas diffusion electrode was crucial to avoid flooding and (bi)carbonate precipitation, to uphold a high FE and formate concentration. Direct water injection was validated as a novel approach for water management. At 100 mA/cm2, direct water injection in combination with an interdigitated flow channel resulted in a FE of 80 % and a formate concentration of 65.4+/−0.3 g/l without salt precipitation for a prolonged CO2 electrolysis of 1 h. The use of bipolar membranes in the zero‐gap configuration mainly produced hydrogen. These results are important for the design of commercial scale CO2 electrolyzers.

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Gortex-Based Gas Diffusion Electrodes with Unprecedented Resistance to Flooding and Leaking

Cited by 21 publications

References 37 publications

Role of the Carbon-Based Gas Diffusion Layer on Flooding in a Gas Diffusion Electrode Cell for Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction

Role of the Carbon-Based Gas Diffusion Layer on Flooding in a Gas Diffusion Electrode Cell for Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction

Effects of the Catalyst Dynamic Changes and Influence of the Reaction Environment on the Performance of Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction

Direct Water Injection in Catholyte‐Free Zero‐Gap Carbon Dioxide Electrolyzers

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Gortex-Based Gas Diffusion Electrodes with Unprecedented Resistance to Flooding and Leaking

Cited by 21 publications

References 37 publications

Role of the Carbon-Based Gas Diffusion Layer on Flooding in a Gas Diffusion Electrode Cell for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Role of the Carbon-Based Gas Diffusion Layer on Flooding in a Gas Diffusion Electrode Cell for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Effects of the Catalyst Dynamic Changes and Influence of the Reaction Environment on the Performance of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Direct Water Injection in Catholyte‐Free Zero‐Gap Carbon Dioxide Electrolyzers

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Role of the Carbon-Based Gas Diffusion Layer on Flooding in a Gas Diffusion Electrode Cell for Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction

Role of the Carbon-Based Gas Diffusion Layer on Flooding in a Gas Diffusion Electrode Cell for Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction

Effects of the Catalyst Dynamic Changes and Influence of the Reaction Environment on the Performance of Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction