Gorilla Behavior Index revisited: Age, housing and behavior

Kuhar, Christopher W.; Stoinski, Tara S.; Lukas, Kristen E.; Maple, Terry L.

doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2005.06.004

Cited by 57 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Early life experiences are well known to have an impact on adult individual behaviour in humans and nonhuman primates (Suomi, 2005). Effects of age and gender/sex on personality differences are frequently reported in judgment-based studies on humans (e.g., Soto, John, Gosling, & Potter, 2011) and nonhuman primates (e.g., King, Weiss, & Sisco, 2008;Kuhar, Stoinski, Lukas, & Maple, 2006). But judgments reflect sociocultural (and anthropocentric) perspectives that need not accurately reflect observable differences between age and sex/gender groups.…”

Section: The Present Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contextualised behavioural measurements of personality differences obtained in behavioural tests and social observations in adult capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella)

Uher

Addessi

Visalberghi

2013

Journal of Research in Personality

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HighlightsPersonality differences studied with a new philosophy-of-science paradigm featuring a behavioural research framework. A non-lexical taxonomic approach applied for comprehensive emic/bottom-up construct generation. In 15 test and 2 group situations, 146 contextualised behaviours measured repeatedly. This is the first comprehensive study on personality differences in capuchin monkeys. Overall no age and sex differences found, but long-term effects of early life experiences. AbstractWe applied a new framework for behavioural research on personality differences in 26 adult tufted capuchin monkeys. Using the Behavioural Repertoire x Environmental Situations Approach, we generated systematically 20 non-lexical emic personality constructs that have high ecological validity for this species. For construct operationalisation, we obtained 146 contextualised behavioural measures repeatedly in 15 experimental situations and 2 group situations using computerised and video-assisted methods. A complete repetition after a 2-3-week break within a 60-day period yielded significant test-retest reliability from individualoriented and variable-oriented viewpoints at different levels of aggregation. In accordance with well-established findings on cross-situational consistency, internal consistency was only moderate. This new and important finding highlights fundamental differences between behavioural approaches and judgment-based approaches to personality differences.Key words: age differences; Behavioural Repertoire x Environmental Situations Approach; capuchin monkeys; cross-situational consistency; early life experiences; individual behaviour; methodology; personality differences; sex differences; situation-behaviour-profiles Uher, J., . Contextualised behavioural measurements of personality differences obtained in behavioural tests and social observations in adult capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). Journal of Research in Personality, 47, 427-444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2013 www.primate-personality.net 2/36 Theoretical BackgroundPsychologists increasingly advocate for taking behavioural measurements of personality differences in greater consideration (Baumeister, Vohs, & Funder, 2007;Furr, 2009). Methods for studying the individuals' ongoing behaviour, physiology, and experience, as well as the environmental contexts in which they occur are currently being revived and further developed. Contextualised behavioural measurements are obtained, for example, in experimental "miniature situations" in objective personality tests sensu Cattell (Cattell & Warburton, 1967;Kubinger, 2009) or in daily life settings in the field of ambulatory monitoring (Gunthert et al. 2007;Mehl & Conner, 2012;Mehl & Pennebaker, 2003) to which Cattell (1957) referred to as Test-data and Life-data respectively.The behavioural study of individual differences involves more than just behavioural measurements, however. It requires meta-theoretical concepts and methodological approaches that differ in parts from those that have been established f...

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Section: The Present Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contextualised behavioural measurements of personality differences obtained in behavioural tests and social observations in adult capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella)

Uher

Addessi

Visalberghi

2013

Journal of Research in Personality

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“…Some dimensions may show shifts in the mean level of individual scores across age groups. For example, in dumpling squids, average 'boldness' scores increase significantly through adulthood (Sinn et al, 2008); whereas average 'extraversion' scores in gorillas decline with age (see Figure 1 in Kuhar, Stoinski, Lukas, & Maple, 2006); and average 'agreeableness' scores in humans constantly increase with age (Roberts, Walton, & Viechtbauer, 2006).…”

Section: Differential Stability and Stability Across Age Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual behavioral phenotypes: An integrative meta‐theoretical framework. Why “behavioral syndromes” are not analogs of “personality”

Uher

2011

Developmental Psychobiology

148

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Jana UherIndividual behavioral phenotypes: an integrative meta-theoretical framework. Why "behavioral syndromes" are not analogs of "personality" Article (Accepted version) (Refereed) This document is the author's final accepted version of the journal article. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher's version if you wish to cite from it. Uher, J. (2011) Developmental Psychobiology, 53, . Individual behavioral phenotypes: An integrative meta-theoretical framework. Why 'behavioral syndromes' are not analogues of 'personality'. AbstractAnimal researchers are increasingly interested in individual differences in behavior. Their interpretation as meaningful differences in behavioral strategies stable over time and across contexts, adaptive, heritable, and acted upon by natural selection has triggered new theoretical developments. However, the analytical approaches used to explore behavioral data still address population-level phenomena, and statistical methods suitable to analyze individual behavior are rarely applied. I discuss fundamental investigative principles and analytical approaches to explore whether, in what ways, and under which conditions individual behavioral differences are actually meaningful. I elaborate the meta-theoretical ideas underlying common theoretical concepts and integrate them into an overarching metatheoretical and methodological framework. This unravels commonalities and differences, and shows that assumptions of analogy to concepts of human personality are not always warranted and that some theoretical developments may be based on methodological artifacts. Yet, my results also highlight possible directions for new theoretical developments in animal behavior research.

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“…This type of research could have a direct impact on management decisions. For example, gorillas housed in solitary situations rated lower on the Understanding factor (Kuhar et al, 2006). Although this result needs to be validated, if it were the case, and Understanding was predictive of a need for solitary housing, planning for housing provision could be made easier, both within single zoos and across zoos.…”

Section: Behaviour Management and Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although this result needs to be validated, if it were the case, and Understanding was predictive of a need for solitary housing, planning for housing provision could be made easier, both within single zoos and across zoos. This could lead to a reduction of aggressive encounters, because gorillas rated lower for Understanding were also more likely to engage in noncontact aggression (Kuhar et al, 2006). It has been suggested that gorilla groups should be formed when the apes are young for the best outcomes (Stoinski et al, 2004), so it is vital to understand any agerelated differences in personality, but this is not always possible in zoos (see Huskisson & Chism, 2018 (King, J. E., et al, 2008).…”

Section: Behaviour Management and Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vazire et al, 2007); therefore, links between the two have been found and tend to be evident. For example, gorilla Dominance is related to received and given displacement (negative and positive, respectively) (Kuhar et al, 2006;Schaefer & Steklis, 2014); and Extraversion/Agreeableness is related to affiliative, grooming, playing, approach and touching behaviours (Schaefer & Steklis, 2014). Similarly, Chimpanzee Extraversion is related to affiliative behaviour (Pederson et al, 2005;Massen & Koski, 2014).…”

Section: Behaviour Management and Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studying primate personality in zoos: implications for the management, welfare and conservation of great apes

Gartner

Weiss

2018

International Zoo Yearbook

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As we face the Anthropocene extinction, many species are threatened or becoming so, and great ape species are no exception (all are Endangered or Critically Endangered). As humans work to combat this trend, research on every aspect of the lives of animals is vital. One area of research that has the potential to be particularly useful is the study of personality. Zoological institutions offer a unique opportunity for research on personality in non-human primates, with knowledgeable staff, consistency in environment, accessibility of a variety of species and the possibility to have large sample sizes to provide generalizability. Here, we offer a perspective on how zoos have contributed to the personality literature, how the personality literature can aid animal management and how much further such research can continue, with implications for both welfare and conservation.

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Gorilla Behavior Index revisited: Age, housing and behavior

Cited by 57 publications

References 23 publications

Contextualised behavioural measurements of personality differences obtained in behavioural tests and social observations in adult capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella)

Contextualised behavioural measurements of personality differences obtained in behavioural tests and social observations in adult capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella)

Individual behavioral phenotypes: An integrative meta‐theoretical framework. Why “behavioral syndromes” are not analogs of “personality”

Studying primate personality in zoos: implications for the management, welfare and conservation of great apes

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