“…Much like prairie dogs, kangaroo rats were once viewed as pests having a deleterious impact on the condition of the rangelands, and were oftentimes exterminated (Vorhies and Taylor, 1922;Wood, 1965;Schroeder, 1967;Whitford, 2002). In recent years the desertification due to drought and non-existent or poor livestock grazing management has been exacerbated in part due to the seed caching activities of kangaroo rats, which can promote shrub encroachment (Duval et al, 2005;Kerley and Whitford, 2009;Eldridge et al, 2009).…”