Goose embryonic development from oviposition through 16 hours of incubation

Abstract

Normal tables provide an objective step-wise description of the morphological development of an embryo. Such tables have been described for the chicken, turkey, quail, and duck embryos, but there is no such staging table for goose embryos. As the goose has one of the longest incubation periods of all the poultry species and embryo mortality during incubation is relatively high, a normal table of goose embryo development would be useful in assessing the morpho-genetic status of the goose embryo before and during incubation. In this study, embryos were isolated from commercial White Koluda goose eggs stored no longer than four days in a cool room (18°C) prior to incubation and after 4, 8, 12, and 16 h of incubation. Embryo staging was based on the normal tables described for the chicken by Eyal-Giladi and Kochav (EGK) and Hamburger and Hamilton (HH). Goose embryos from unincubated eggs were at Stage X and XI EGK and after 16 h of incubation the majority of embryos were between Stages 2 and 4 HH. Our results suggest that while the stage of development of the embryo in the unincubated goose egg is similar to that reported for the chicken, although the diameter of goose embryo is slighter larger. Following incubation, a goose embryo advances more slowly than a chicken embryo up to 16 h of incubation.

Vitamin E and A Availability in Goose Embryos and Goslings and Improvement of Reproduction Traits Depending on the Starting Temperature Regime of Egg Incubation

“…There is an issue of low hatchability due to the imperfect artificial incubation of goose eggs, although almost 100% of goslings can be hatched when natural incubation occurs. The latter conducive effect of the natural incubation can be explained by a slightly higher temperature during the initial period of goose embryo organogenesis [38]. The egg, while being naturally incubated under the broody mother, cannot be overheated since the embryo easily tolerates higher temperatures.…”

“…The egg, while being naturally incubated under the broody mother, cannot be overheated since the embryo easily tolerates higher temperatures. The embryo, therefore, seems to be able to tolerate high temperatures in the first hours (h) of artificial incubation [38]. Armed with the knowledge of the dynamics of α-tocopherol and retinol content in the embryos and goslings in the conventional incubation conditions (Figure 1, [24]), it would be worthwhile to ascertain whether this can be applied as an effective strategy for the initial short-term heating of goose eggs.…”

Morphological research on amniote eggs and embryos: An introduction and historical retrospective

“…Embryogenesis in birds has received particular attention. By 1998, at least 47 avian staging systems had already been published (Rickleffs & Starck, 1998, p. 40), and systems on additional bird species have continued to proliferate over the past decade (Ainsworth et al, 2010; Carril & Tambussi, 2015; Krings et al, 2020; Li et al, 2019; Łukaszewicz et al, 2017; Murray et al, 2013; Nagai et al, 2011). Interestingly, like the foundational work on the chick embryo (Hamburger & Hamilton, 1951), many of the other sauropsid staging systems were published in the Journal of Morphology (e.g., Cordero & Janzen, 2014; Greenbaum & Carr, 2002; Gupta & Bakst, 1993; Lemus et al, 1981; Muthukkarruppan et al, 1970; Sanger et al, 2008; Yntema, 1968).…”

Proteomic Analysis of Egg Yolk Proteins During Embryonic Development in Wanxi White Goose

“…The first stage, days 1–6 of incubation (D1–D6), is defined as the stage of internal organ development. The embryo mainly uses the nutrients in egg yolk by osmosis, and the metabolism of substances is extremely simple, especially in the first 2 days of incubation. , The second stage (D7–D18) is the stage of external organ formation. After blood circulation of the yolk sac formed, the embryo mainly relies on the blood vessels of the yolk sac to absorb nutrients in the yolk, and the metabolism of protein is gradually strengthened .…”