“Good moral characters”: how drug felons are impacted under state marijuana legalization laws

Thompson, Beverly Yuen

doi:10.1080/10282580.2017.1307109

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Although the wave of marijuana legalization in the US may result in fewer incarcerations for some women who use marijuana, for women in many states, and particularly for women of color and women who have already experienced incarceration, marijuana possession and use are likely to continue to lead to episodes of incarceration. [43][44][45] We found weaker associations between incarceration and sex exchange, injection drug use, and housing instability, which mirror prior work describing the lives of women who experience incarceration. 38,40 Indeed, criminal justice involvement, HIV, and all of these factors together have been described as a ''syndemic,''meaning multiple concurrent epidemics with biological, social, and structural interactions, which exacerbate the prognosis and burden of disease.…”

Section: Incarceration Among Women At Risk For Hivsupporting

confidence: 71%

Incidence and Prevalence of Incarceration in a Longitudinal Cohort of Women at Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States, 2007–2017

Knittel

Shook-Sa

Rudolph

et al. 2021

Journal of Women's Health

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Background: To estimate the incidence, prevalence, frequency, and duration of incarceration and to identify risk factors for incarceration among women at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States. Methods: During semiannual study visits in a multicenter cohort study, 970 HIV sero-negative participants at risk for HIV were asked about their own incarceration (10/2007-09/2017) and incarceration of sexual partners (10/2013-09/2017). We used descriptive statistics and multivariable log-binomial regression to identify baseline predictors of incident incarceration. Results: Median follow-up time across the 970 participants was 5.5 years (IQR 3.5-9.5). Nearly half (n = 453, 46.7%) of participants were incarcerated during or before the study, and the incarceration rate was 5.5 per 100 person-years. In multivariable models, incident incarceration was associated with prior incarceration (RR 5.20, 95% CI: 3.23-8.41) and noninjection drug use (RR 1.57, 95% CI: 1.10-2.25). Conclusions: Incarceration is common for women at risk for HIV. Prevention interventions that address the complex interplay of drug use, sex exchange, and housing instability for women who have experienced incarceration have the potential to reach an important group of U.S. women at risk of HIV infection.

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Section: Incarceration Among Women At Risk For Hivsupporting

confidence: 71%

Incidence and Prevalence of Incarceration in a Longitudinal Cohort of Women at Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States, 2007–2017

Knittel

Shook-Sa

Rudolph

et al. 2021

Journal of Women's Health

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“…Indeed, this trend of minority populations being over policed is not a new one, nor is it isolated to New York City. In Alabama, Black individuals are around four times more likely than Whites to be arrested for marijuana possession even though base rate use is approximately the same (Thompson, 2017;Southern Poverty Law Center, 2018). We expect that people judge the enforcement of phantom rules to be more justifiable when the person who breaks the rule is not White.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doesn’t everybody jaywalk? On codified rules that are seldom followed and selectively punished

Wylie¹,

Gantman²

2020

Preprint

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We propose the existence of a subclass of explicitly codified rules— phantom rules—whose violations are frequent, and whose enforcement is motivated (e.g., jaywalking). These rules differ from other rules (e.g., no traveling in basketball) and laws (e.g., theft) because they do not appear legitimate. Across three experiments, we recruited U.S. participants from Amazon MechanicalTurk and Prolific (N = 464) and validated each feature of our definition. In Experiment 1, participants classified phantom rules as illegal and frequent. In Experiment 2, we found that phantom rules (vs. social norms) are more morally acceptable, but more justifiably punished, allowing for the motivated enforcement found in Experiment 3. We hypothesized and found people judge phantom rule violations to be more justifiably enforced when they were already motivated to punish. Phantom rule violations are judged to be morally worse and more justifiably punished when the person who violated the phantom rule also violated a social norm (vs. phantom rule violation alone). Phantom rules are codified rules, frequently violated, and enforced in a motivated manner.

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“…Unlike previous research, this article considers the impact of health care at the state level as a determinant of state incarceration rates. A relatively high proportion of prison admissions come from substance abuse, and the “War on Drugs” is in large part what sparked the modern incarceration epidemic (Conyers 2013; Thompson 2017). One might thus expect states that approach substance abuse through the lens of public health rather than that of crime control to experience a reduction in the incarcerated population, regardless of how effective the approach is at reducing rates of substance abuse.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, an increase in the number of drug courts in a state—as opposed to treatment programs—is not associated with a decrease in the incarceration rate as a whole, presumably because states tend to place harsh penalties on any violation of probation (Sevigny, Fuleihan, and Ferdik 2013). Recent state‐level policy decisions to decriminalize some forms of drug use may precipitate a decrease in future incarcerations, but efforts to reduce the existing incarcerated population are not yet apparent (Thompson 2017).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconsidering State Variation in Incarceration Rates

et al. 2020

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State incarceration rates have been a topic of much policy discussion. One notable issue missing from much of the literature concerns the various determinants that account for state differences in incarceration rates. Why are some states more or less likely to incarcerate their citizenry than other states? The article examines the 50 states in a cross-sectional state comparative model. Using a dependent variable of state incarceration rates, we offer and test several explanatory models, including socioeconomic factors, political explanations, social control mechanisms, and structural factors. We find that socioeconomic explanations to be the most robust, but we find varying degrees of support for each of our four models.

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“Good moral characters”: how drug felons are impacted under state marijuana legalization laws

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

Incidence and Prevalence of Incarceration in a Longitudinal Cohort of Women at Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States, 2007–2017

Incidence and Prevalence of Incarceration in a Longitudinal Cohort of Women at Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States, 2007–2017

Doesn’t everybody jaywalk? On codified rules that are seldom followed and selectively punished

Reconsidering State Variation in Incarceration Rates

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