“…Fahr, Bartol, Shapiro, and Shin, 2010;Liu and Shaffer, 2005;Osman-Ghani and Rockstuhl, 2008;Shen and Kram, 2011). There has also been some interest in the impact of networks on expatriate career competencies, opportunities and advancement (Barhem, Younies, and Smith, 2011;Cao, Hirschi, and Deller, 2012) as well as on the diffusion of international business norms (Nolan, 2011). Tacit knowledge exchange through network development (Crowne, 2009;Lovvorn and Chen, 2011;Makela, 2007) and the importance of networks for female expatriates (Hutchings, French, and Hatcher, 2008;Shortland, 2011) and expatriate spouses (Kupka and Cathro, 2007) have also been explored.…”