Gonorrheal Spurs a Misnomer

Abstract

and was therefore a causative factor, or whether it was an ascending one from the multitudinous flora of the mouth and gained access to the gland more readily on account of the absence of a descending current of saliva,

The plantar calcaneal spur: a review of anatomy, histology, etiology and key associations

“…). In the past, gonorrhea, syphilis, hereditary factors, metabolic disturbances and gout were all proposed to be related to the development of PCS; these have subsequently been discredited (Winthrop, ; Griffith, ; Roland, ; Waechter & Sonnenschein, ; Paul & Henry, ; Von Lackum & Palomeque, ; Chang & Miltner, ; Steindler & Smith, ; Gould, ). A number of robust associations do exist, however; these are potential risk factors for spur development and will be dealt with in this review along with how they may relate to PCS etiology.…”

“…This rate increases with age to 55% in those over 62, to 59-78% in those with current or previous heel pain, and up to 81% in those with osteoarthritis (Table 1; Tanz, 1963;Bassiouni, 1965;Gerster et al 1977;Prichasuk & Subhadrabandhu, 1994;Barrett et al 1995;Riepert et al 1995;Wainwright et al 1995;Li & Muehleman, 2007;Menz et al 2008). In the past, gonorrhea, syphilis, hereditary factors, metabolic disturbances and gout were all proposed to be related to the development of PCS; these have subsequently been discredited (Winthrop, 1909;Griffith, 1910;Roland, 1912;Waechter & Sonnenschein, 1915;Paul & Henry, 1916;Von Lackum & Palomeque, 1930;Chang & Miltner, 1934;Steindler & Smith, 1938;Gould, 1942). A number of robust associations do exist, however; these are potential risk factors for spur development and will be dealt with in this review along with how they may relate to PCS etiology.…”

The Relationship Between Age-Related Incidences of Heel Spur With Sex and Side

“…Heel spur is frequently seen in people who are engaged in activities such as jogging, ballet, or in jobs that require prolonged standing such as barbers, dentists, policemen, store employees, and trauma caused by the use of unsuitable shoes (Von Lackum & Palomeque, 1930;Mcconkey, 1981;Bartold, 2004). It is more common in people with reduced plantar heel fat pad, obese people, older people and women.…”