Gonorrhea Infections Diagnosed Among Persons Living With HIV/AIDS

Abstract

: Persons living with HIV/AIDS who acquire new sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) pose a risk for enhanced transmission of both HIV and STDs. To describe the frequency of HIV coinfection among gonorrhea cases (GC), HIV and GC surveillance databases (2000-2008) were cross-matched in New York City (NYC), Washington, DC (DC), Miami/Dade County (MDC), and Arizona (AZ). During 2000-2008, 4.6% (9471/205,689) of reported GCs occurred among persons with previously diagnosed HIV: NYC (5.5%), DC (7.3%), MDC (4%), and AZ (2%). The overall HIV-GC coinfection rates increased over the study period in all 4 sites. Real-time data integration could allow for enhanced prevention among persons with HIV infection and acute STDs.

High Rates of STIs in HIV-Infected Patients Attending an STI Clinic

“…3,5,6 Erbelding et al evaluated STI incidence in individuals with a new HIV diagnosis and found rates of up to 7 cases per 100 individuals per year 3 ; Taylor et al and Scott et al found high rates of chlamydia or gonorrhea and HIV co-infection in STI clinics in the United States. 5,6 …”

“…4 Despite these recommendations, significant increases in STIs among individuals with HIV infection have been described, in particular among men who have sex with men. 3,5,6 New cases of syphilis among HIV-infected men who have sex with men are increasing, and in many cases both syphilis and HIV are newly diagnosed at the same time. 7,8 The United States has one of the highest rates of STIs in the general population among industrialized countries.…”

Viral Loads Among HIV-Infected Persons Diagnosed With Primary and Secondary Syphilis in 4 US Cities

“…Detectable VL was common in these patients with syphilis and suggests the potential for onward HIV transmission near the time of syphilis diagnosis. In addition, these results demonstrate how integrated surveillance registries for STDs and HIV can provide insight into trends in coinfection, 25 the timing of one disease event relative to the other, which population-based subgroups are the most likely to be infectious for HIV using VL, and connection to HIV care among coinfected cases. More than a decade has now passed since the resurgence of syphilis began among MSM.…”

“…These cases were matched with the jurisdiction’s HIV registry to identify instances of coinfection using previously described methods. 25 Variables derived from the STD and HIV surveillance databases at each site included the following: gender, race/ethnicity, date of syphilis diagnosis, date of HIV diagnosis, stage of syphilis at diagnosis, age at syphilis diagnosis, age at HIV diagnosis, gender of sex partners, clinical setting in which syphilis was diagnosed (STD clinic or another type of clinical setting), and values and dates of VL and CD4 counts collected within 6 months before and after syphilis diagnosis. Using the dates of HIV and syphilis diagnoses, we calculated the intervals between diagnoses.…”

Patterns of Presentation in Gonococcal Urethritis and Assessment of Antibiotic Sensitivity in Gonorrhea

“…However high level of HIV positivity was found in cases of Gonorrhea in certain other studies. Khopakar et al reported 14% positivity rate in all STD cases and Bhushanam et al 2.3% [21]. The resistance to Cephalosporins is also being reported from certain other areas of world [22].…”