Gonococcal infections: The trends of antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Western Nepal

Bhatta,; Gokhale, Shishir; Mt, Ansari; Tiwari, H K; Gaur, Abhishek; Mathuria, J P; Ghosh, Avishek

doi:10.3126/njms.v1i2.6603

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Some isolates were resistant to penicillin (85.7z), ciprofloxacin (88.0z), ofloxacin (97.4z), or tetracycline (89.1z). Our results agree with those of other studies that have shown gonococci that remain susceptible to ceftriaxone, e.g., Nepal (12) and Hungary (13).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Gonococcal Antimicrobial Susceptibility and the Prevalence of blaTEM-1 and blaTEM-135 Genes in Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates from Thailand

Tribuddharat

Pongpech

Charoenwatanachokchai³

et al. 2017

Jpn J Infect Dis

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SUMMARY:We studied the antimicrobial susceptibility and prevalence of the bla TEM-1 and bla genes in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates obtained in Thailand. The isolates were tested using the disk diffusion method, and 100z of 370 isolates were found susceptible to cefixime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, spectinomycin, and azithromycin. Some of the isolates were resistant to penicillin (85.7z), ciprofloxacin (88.0z), ofloxacin (97.4z), or tetracycline (89.1z). Penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae accounted for 83.8z of isolates, with 70.0z of these further identified as penicillinase-producing plus tetracycline resistant N. gonorrhoeae. Penicillin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin are not recommended for treatment because of the high prevalence (89.7z) of multidrug resistant gonococci. A study of genes controlling enzyme of beta-lactamase production (bla TEM-1 and bla TEM-135 ) was performed using mismatch amplification mutation assay PCR method and DNA sequencing. Beta-lactamase positive N. gonorrhoeae carried bla TEM-1 (69.6z) and bla TEM-135 (30.4z), indicating that there is a significant increase and spread of bla TEM-135 among gonococci in Thailand.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Gonococcal Antimicrobial Susceptibility and the Prevalence of blaTEM-1 and blaTEM-135 Genes in Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates from Thailand

Tribuddharat

Pongpech

Charoenwatanachokchai³

et al. 2017

Jpn J Infect Dis

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“…In the present study, N.gonorrhoeae showed 25–50 % resistance rate against ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, ampicillin and erythromycin. This was coherent with studies in Nepal [ 41 ], Port Elizabeth [ 42 ], and Saudi Arabia [ 43 ] where 37.5–42.5 %, 50–94 %, 25 % and 50 % resistance of ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, ampicillin and erythromycin, respectively were noticed. Group B Streptococcus revealed 20 % resistance rate against ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, erythromycin and clindamycin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Common causes of vaginal infections and antibiotic susceptibility of aerobic bacterial isolates in women of reproductive age attending at Felegehiwot referral Hospital, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

et al. 2015

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BackgroundBacterial vaginosis, candidal, trichomonal and Gonococcal vaginal infections are a major health problems associated with gynecologic complications and increase in replication, shedding and transmission of HIV and other STIs in women of reproductive age. The study aimed at determining the prevalence of common vaginal infections and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of aerobic bacterial isolates in women of reproductive age, attending Felegehiwot referral Hospital.MethodsA hospital based cross sectional study was conducted from May to November, 2013. Simple random sampling technique was used. Demographic variables were collected using a structured questionnaire. Clinical data were collected by physicians. Two vaginal swab specimens were collected from each participant. Wet mount and Gram staining were carried out to identify motile T.vaginalis, budding yeast and clue cells. All vaginal specimens were cultured for aerobic bacterial isolates using standard microbiology methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using disc diffusion technique as per the standard by Kirby-Bauer method. The results were analyzed using descriptive, chi-square and fisher’s exact test as appropriate.ResultsA total of 409 women in reproductive age (15 – 49 years) participated in the study. The median age of the women was 28 years. Overall, 63 (15.4 %) of women had vaginal infections. The proportion of vaginal infection was higher in non-pregnant (17.3 %) than pregnant women (13.3 %) (P = 0.002). The most common identified vaginal infections were candidiasis (8.3 %) and bacterial vaginosis (2.8 %) followed by trichomoniasis (2.1 %). The isolation rate of N. gonorrhoeae and group B Streptococcus colonization was 4 (1 %) and 6 (1.2 %), respectively. Bacterial vaginosis was higher in non-pregnant (5.6 %) than pregnant women (0.5 %) (P = 0.002). Religion, age, living in rural area and having lower abdominal pain were significantly associated with bacterial vaginosis and candidiasis (P < 0.05). E.coli, Pseudomonas spp. and S.aureus were frequently isolated. Norfloxacin (75.6 %), ciprofloxacin (79.6 %) and gentamicin (77.6 %) revealed high level of sensitivity whereas high resistance rates were observed for amoxicillin (82.2 %), tetracycline (63.3 %) and cotrimoxazole (62.2 %).ConclusionsBacterial vaginosis, candidiasis and trichomoniasis are a common problem in women of reproductive age. Therefore, screening of vaginal infections in women of reproductive age should be implemented. Moreover, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and gentamicin are the recommended drugs for empiric therapy and prophylaxis as needed.

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“…Regarding antimicrobial susceptibility, we observed moderate to high (60-88%) resistance to conventional antimicrobials including ciprofloxacin and cefixime and similar trend of resistance has been reported over the time by many investigators 14,15,16…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Current status of gonococcal antimicrobial susceptibility with special reference to Azithromycin and Ceftriaxone: Report from a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh

Naznin

Salam²,

Hossain

et al. 2018

Pak J Med Sci

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Objectives:Successful treatment of gonorrhea has always been jeopardized by the emergence of resistance to antibiotics recommended as first-line therapies. The present investigation was carried out to demonstrate the current status of antimicrobial susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae with a special reference to azithromycin and ceftriaxone.Methods:Microscopical detection in Gram-stained smear and isolation by culture in Thayer-Martin medium were done for 60 clinically suspected gonorrhea patients using urethral discharge or prostatic secretion for male and endocervical secretion for female. Isolates of N. gonorrhoeae were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method against eight antimicrobial drugs including azithromycin and ceftriaxone.Results:Culture yielded a total of 25(42%) isolates of N. gonorrhoeae from 60 clinically suspected patients of both sexes; 21 from male (17 from urethral discharge and 04 from prostatic secretion) and 04 from female (endocervical secretion). Isolates of N. gonorrhoeae showed moderate to high resistance (60 to 88%) to penicillin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and cefixime. While resistance to azithromycin and ceftriaxone was 60% and 48% respectively, which was also moderate.Conclusion:Our findings indicate moderate to the high resistance of N. gonorrhoeae to conventional antibiotics. It also showed moderate resistance to azithromycin and ceftriaxone, current dual therapy recommended by the WHO for the treatment of genital gonorrhea, which is alarming.

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Gonococcal infections: The trends of antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Western Nepal

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Gonococcal Antimicrobial Susceptibility and the Prevalence of <i>bla</i><sub>TEM-1</sub> and <i>bla</i><sub>TEM-135</sub> Genes in <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> Isolates from Thailand

Gonococcal Antimicrobial Susceptibility and the Prevalence of <i>bla</i><sub>TEM-1</sub> and <i>bla</i><sub>TEM-135</sub> Genes in <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> Isolates from Thailand

Common causes of vaginal infections and antibiotic susceptibility of aerobic bacterial isolates in women of reproductive age attending at Felegehiwot referral Hospital, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

Current status of gonococcal antimicrobial susceptibility with special reference to Azithromycin and Ceftriaxone: Report from a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh

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