Gondwana, vicariance biogeography and the New York School revisited

Nelson, Gareth; Ladiges, Pauline Y.

doi:10.1071/bt00025

Cited by 95 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…Subtree analysis (Nelson & Ladiges, 1996; Ebach & Humphries, 2002) uses an event‐based approach that explicitly favours vicariance over dispersal (Page, 1994; Nelson & Ladiges, 2001; Ronquist, 2003). Using this method, the final speciation event leading to A and D (Fig.…”

Section: Interpreting Trees For Biogeographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Directional asymmetry of long‐distance dispersal and colonization could mislead reconstructions of biogeography

Cook¹,

Crisp

2005

Journal of Biogeography

144

138

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Aim Phylogenies are increasingly being used to attempt to answer biogeographical questions. However, a reliance on tree topology alone has emerged without consideration of earth processes or the biology of the organisms in question. Most ancestral‐state optimization methods have inherent problems, including failure to take account of asymmetry, such as unequal probabilities of losses and gains, and the lack of use of independent cost estimates. Here we discuss what we perceive as shortcomings in most current tree‐based biogeography interpretation methods and show that consideration of processes and their likelihoods can turn the conventional biogeographical interpretation on its head. Location Southern hemisphere focus but applicable world‐wide. Methods The logic of existing methods is reviewed with respect to their adequacy in modelling processes such as geographical mode of speciation and likelihood of dispersal, including directional bias. Published reconstructions of dispersal of three plant taxa between Australia and New Zealand were re‐analysed using standard parsimony and maximum likelihood (ML) methods with rate matrices to model expected asymmetry of dispersal. Results Few studies to date incorporate asymmetric dispersal rate matrices or question the simplistic assumption of equal costs. Even when they do, cost matrices typically are not derived independently of tree topology. Asymmetrical dispersal between Australia and New Zealand could be reconstructed using parsimony but not with ML. Main conclusions The inadequacy of current models has important consequences for our interpretation of southern hemisphere biogeography, particularly in relation to dispersal. For example, if repeated directional dispersals and colonization in the direction of prevailing winds have occurred, with intervening periods of speciation, then there is no need to infer dispersals against those winds. Failure to take account of directionality and other biases in reconstruction methods has implications beyond the simple misinterpretation of the biogeography of a taxonomic group, such as calibration of molecular clocks, the dating of vicariance events, and the prioritization of areas for conservation.

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Section: Interpreting Trees For Biogeographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Directional asymmetry of long‐distance dispersal and colonization could mislead reconstructions of biogeography

Cook¹,

Crisp

2005

Journal of Biogeography

144

138

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“…The significance of biogeography as a field in its own right was recognized by Léon Croizat (Croizat, 1958, 1964; Croizat et al. , 1974), Gareth Nelson (Nelson, 1970, 1978; Nelson & Platnick, 1980, 1981, 1984; Nelson & Ladiges, 2001), Norman Platnick (Platnick & Nelson, 1978,1984; Platnick, 1981, 1988, 1991), Danielle Rosa (Rosa, 1918) and Donn Rosen (1978). On a dynamic earth, geography is equivalent to geology, which in turn affects the biota (Ebach & Humphries, 2002).…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic biogeography deconstructed

Ebach¹,

Humphries²,

Williams³

2003

Journal of Biogeography

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“…One would hope that in the twenty-first century we can strive to determine what biogeography is all about'' (Humphries and Ebach 2004, p. 86) ''(…) congruence amongst the patterns implied that there was a direct link between Earth history and the evolution of taxa'' (Humphries and Ebach 2004, p. 73) Biogeography is a field with a long history, extending back to the early human attempts to comprehend why the species are distributed the way they are (for extensive reviews, see Nelson and Platnick 1981;Humphries and Parenti 1999;Nelson and Ladiges 2001;Crisci et al 2003;Lomolino et al 2004;and Heads 2005). The discipline called biogeography after the 19th century has so broad aims that it is almost equivalent to comparative biology and, thus, to evolutionary biology: to comprehend the patterns of spatial distribution of life on earth and the mechanisms and processes by which such distributions were achieved is the same as to comprehend the macroevolutionary process in a wide sense.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

On Reciprocal Illumination and Consilience in Biogeography

Santos

Capellari

2009

Evol Biol

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Biogeography deals with the combined analysis of the spatial and temporal components of the evolutionary process. To this purpose, biogeographical analysis should consider two extra steps: a reciprocal illumination step, and a consilience step. Even if the traditional challenges of biogeography were successfully handled, the obtained hypothesis is not necessarily meaningful in biogeographical terms--it needs continuous test in the light of external hypotheses. For this reason, a concept analogous to Hennig's reciprocal illumination is valuable, as well as a sort of biogeographical consilience in Whewell's sense. Firstly, through the search for different classes of evidence, information useful to improve the hypothesis can be accessed via reciprocal illumination. Following, a more general hypothesis would arise through a consilience process, when the hypothesis explains phenomena not contemplated during its construction, as the distribution of other taxa or the existence (or absence) of fossils. This procedure aims to evaluate the robustness of biogeographical hypotheses as scientific theories. Such theories are reliable descriptions of how life changes its form both in space and time, putting historical biogeography close to Croizat's statement of evolution as a three dimensional phenomenon.

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Gondwana, vicariance biogeography and the New York School revisited

Cited by 95 publications

References 137 publications

Directional asymmetry of long‐distance dispersal and colonization could mislead reconstructions of biogeography

Directional asymmetry of long‐distance dispersal and colonization could mislead reconstructions of biogeography

Phylogenetic biogeography deconstructed

On Reciprocal Illumination and Consilience in Biogeography

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