Gonadotropins of the Pituitary Gland During Infancy and Early Childhood

Bahn, Robert C.; Lorenz, Nona; Bennett, Warren A.; Albert, A.

doi:10.1210/endo-52-5-605

Cited by 18 publications

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“…The age at which an increase in the concentration of serum LH was observed was slightly earlier than the mean age (11 6 / 12 years) of the group considered to be in the first stage of puberty. The increase observed in serum LH and FSH levels with maturation are in accord with those reported for human [5,40,51] and animal [18,25,45] pituitary gonadotropin content, and for excretion in human urine determined by bioassays [38]. The magnitude of the change in urinary LH before and after the onset of puberty, however, was considerably greater in the study of RIFKIND et al…”

supporting

confidence: 85%

“…4 P = probability estimation; the arrows delineate the groups compared. 5 Testes were not measured in one boy. 29 The mean LH/FSH ratio decreased between 8 and 13 years of age, followed by a rise over the next 2-3 years, which is attributable to a proportionately greater increase in the LH values.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…4 P = probability estimation; the arrows delineate the groups compared. 5 Significant fall in values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Hormonal Changes in Puberty I. Correlation of Serum Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle Stimulating Hormone with Stages of Puberty, Testicular Size, and Bone Age in Normal Boys

et al. 1970

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ExtractThe concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in serum was determined using a double antibody radioimmunoassay method in each of 106 normal boys aged 5-16 years. The boys were grouped according to the stage of puberty (Pj-P 5 ) using the classification of TANNER.The serum LH and FSH, LH/FSH ratio, and testicular volume index (TVI) for boys prepuberty (Pj) and at different stages of puberty (P 2 -P 5 ) are shown in figure 1 and table I. The mean value of LH in prepubertal boys was 4.2 ng/ml, which steadily rose to a concentration of 5.3 ng/ml at P 4 _ 6 . The differences between the values for LH in early puberty (P 2 ) and at a more advanced stage of puberty (P 4 _ 5 ) were statistically significant. The mean value for serum FSH in the prepubertal boy was 1.4 ng/ml. Serum FSH rose steadily through the early stages of puberty (P 1 -P 3 ) with no further rise from P 3 to P 4 _ 5 . These changes were reflected in the LH/FSH ratio which fell between P 1 and P 2 , but increased between P 2 and P 4 . Testicular size (TVI) showed a gradual increase from P x through P 4 _ 5 .A comparison of serum LH and FSH, LH/FSH ratio, and TVI with chronological age is indicated in table II. A slight increase in the mean levels of serum LH and FSH was observed from age 9 to age 12 with a continued rise to 15 years and older. Serum LH seemed to rise at an earlier age than serum FSH. The TVI showed a definite increase from chronologic age 8 through 11. A pronounced change in testicular size from age 11 through 15 was observed during the period of sharp rise in serum FSH.The correlation of bone age with concentrations of LH and FSH in serum, LH/FSH ratio, and TVI is shown in table III. A significant rise in LH was seen in boys with a bone age of 9-10 years, with a further increase at a bone age of 13-15 years and older. Serum FSH showed a steady increment from a bone age of 11 to 14 years. The most pronounced increase in TVI was seen at a bone age of 11 through 15 years.The relation of concentrations of LH and FSH in serum and LH/FSH ratio to the TVI is presented in table IV. Mean LH and FSH showed a gradual rise from a TVI of < 2 to 10.1-12. Serum LH rose and serum FSH fell, however, with the increase in TVI from 10.1-12 to 12.1-16.In four patients with chroma tin-positive seminiferous tubular dysgenesis (Klinefelter's syndrome), the mean serum LH concentration was 11.3 ng/ml and the mean serum FSH concentration was 21.6 ng/ml. BURR, SIZONENKO, KAPLAN and GRUMBAGHThe mean serum LH in 14 patients with multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies was 2.1 ng/ml and the mean serum FSH was 1.5 ng/ml. The small differences in the concentration of LH and FSH in prepubertal boys compared with that observed in children with hypopituitarism stress the need for further definition of the sensitivity of the assay for serum samples. The serum values reported are of relative not absolute significance. SpeculationThe detection of serum FSH and LH prior to puberty, and the increase in serum FSH and LH coincident...

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confidence: 85%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Hormonal Changes in Puberty I. Correlation of Serum Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle Stimulating Hormone with Stages of Puberty, Testicular Size, and Bone Age in Normal Boys

et al. 1970

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“…The detection of gonadotropins in the serum of prepubertal children is consistent with the presence of gonadotropic activity in the urine [20,32,44] and in the pituitary glands of children [3,47,56] and of immature animals [28,29,31]. This finding, and the changes in gonadotropin secretion during puberty described in this report, does not shed light on the mechanism responsible for the initiation of puberty.…”

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Hormonal Changes in Puberty II. Correlation of Serum Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle Stimulating Hormone With Stages of Puberty and Bone Age in Normal Girls

et al. 1970

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The concentration of serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was determined using a double antibody radioimmunoassay in 129 normal girls. Of this group, 48 were prepubertal (PjJ and 81 girls were at varying stages of pubertal development from P 2 to P 5 . The mean serum LH concentration was similar in the prepubertal (Pj) and nonmenstruating girls (P2-4) (3.8-4.2 ng/ml) (table I, fig. 1). A difference was observed in the serum FSH levels that increased steadily from 1.70 ng/ml at P x to 3.4 ng/ml at stage P 3 of puberty. No further change in the concentration of serum FSH was seen in girls from P s to P 4 . The LH/FSH ratio was lower in girls at stage P 2 than in the prepubertal girls.In the menstruating girls (P 6 ), mean concentration of serum LH was within the same range (5.1-4.6 ng/ml) during the three phases of the menstrual cycle. Changes in the concentration of serum FSH was observed in menstruating girls: phase I (days 1-12), 3.99 ng/ml; phase II (days 13-18), 3.59 ng/ml; and phase III (days 19-30), 2.51 ng/ml.The relation of the serum LH and FSH levels and LH/FSH ratio to chronologic age was studied (table III). The concentration of LH was not significantly different in girls of 8-12 years. Serum FSH increased from 9 to 13 years. The LH/FSH ratio decreased at 9 years of age with no further change from 10 to 15 years. In addition, serum LH and FSH levels and LH/FSH ratio were compared with bone age (table IV). Serum LH was slightly but significantly less in girls with a bone age of 8 years than in those with a bone age of 6 years. A significant increase in FSH and LH levels was observed in girls with a bone age of 12 years compared with those with a bone age of 8 years.In 14 children with multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies, the serum LH concentration was 2.2 ng/ml and the serum FSH concentration was 1.5 ng/ml. In 12 patients with XO gonadal dysgenesis of pubertal age, the mean concentration of serum LH was 11.2 ng/ml and mean concentration of serum FSH was 54.5 ng/ml. In two patients with XO gonadal dysgenesis, aged 6.5 and 9 years, the serum LH values were 2-5 and 4.5 ng/ml, and the serum FSH values were 1.5 and 2.75 ng/ml, respectively.The serum values described are of relative not absolute significance. Although the results indicate that small amounts of gonadotropins are secreted prior to the onset of signs of puberty, it is important to emphasize the necessity of better defining the lower limits of sensitivity of the assays for serum samples. SIZONENKO, BURR, KAPLAN and GRUMBACH 37The detection of serum FSH and LH in prepubertal children suggests that the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis is at a low level of activity and already operative at this stage of development. The precise time of initiation of cyclical secretion of LH and FSH (the FSH and LH ovulatory surge) in pubertal girls and its relation to maturational changes in the ovary is not known but it seems likely that the increase in estrogen secretion by the ovary as puberty advances acts as a positive fe...

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Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie der hypophysär-hypothalamischen Krankheiten

Orthner¹

1955

Nervensystem

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Gonadotropins of the Pituitary Gland During Infancy and Early Childhood

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Hormonal Changes in Puberty I. Correlation of Serum Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle Stimulating Hormone with Stages of Puberty, Testicular Size, and Bone Age in Normal Boys

Hormonal Changes in Puberty I. Correlation of Serum Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle Stimulating Hormone with Stages of Puberty, Testicular Size, and Bone Age in Normal Boys

Hormonal Changes in Puberty II. Correlation of Serum Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle Stimulating Hormone With Stages of Puberty and Bone Age in Normal Girls

Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie der hypophysär-hypothalamischen Krankheiten

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