Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists increase follicular fluid insulin-like growth factor-I and vascular endothelial growth factor during ovarian stimulation cycles

Ferrari, Bruno; Pezzuto, Antonio; Barusi, Lorenzo; Coppola, Francesco

doi:10.1080/09513590600777602

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…We found significant increases in serum IGF-1 levels from a delayed puberty using GnRH-a injections. An increase in IGF-1 was also found in castrated rats (46) and ovariectomized (OVX) rats (47)as well, GnRH-antagonists increased follicular fluid IGF-1 in humans (48). Supplemental IGF-1 has been found to increase the percent of mineralizing perimeter on the periosteal surface in rats (49) which was similar to the current study in which increased serum IGF-1 levels were accompanied by increased periosteal labeled surface.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Delayed pubertal development by hypothalamic suppression causes an increase in periosteal modeling but a reduction in bone strength in growing female rats

Yingling

Taylor

2008

Bone

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The timing of the pubertal growth is a critical event in skeletal development. A delay in the onset of puberty has been correlated with increased stress fracture incidence in young women and as a result, suboptimal skeletal development may affect long-term bone strength. Gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-a) injections were used to delay the onset of puberty in growing female rats. Twenty-three-day-old female rats were injected with a GnRH-antagonist at 2 dosage levels (n =15/group). The low dose group (1.25 mg/kg/dose) received daily injections for 27 days (sacrifice 49 days). The high dose received (5.0mg/kg/dose) only 5 days per week over a 26 day period (sacrifice 48 days). Calcein injections measured bone formation activity on the periosteal and endocortical surfaces. Standard histomorphometric and biomechanical analyses were performed on the femora and ash content was measured on the tibiae of all animals. Serum estradiol and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 levels were assayed. Significant delays in pubertal development occurred in the two GnRH-a groups as evidenced by delayed vaginal openings, decreased uterine and ovarian weights and suppressed estradiol levels compared to control. Femoral lengths were significantly shorter in the experimental groups and serum IGF-1 levels were higher than control. Bone strength and stiffness were significantly lower in the GnRH-a groups. Cortical bone area was decreased and total area was not different between groups. There was a significant decrease in % Ct.Ar/T.Ar. The decreased bone strength may have resulted from a decrease in the amount and distribution of bone, however, stress and Young's modulus were also decreased. There was a different response between endocortical formation indices and periosteal formation indices to the GnRH-a protocol. Endocortical bone formation rates decreased and there was an increase in periosteal labeled surface. A dose response between bone strength and GnRH-a dosage was found. The data suggest that hypothalamic Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Delayed pubertal development by hypothalamic suppression causes an increase in periosteal modeling but a reduction in bone strength in growing female rats

Yingling

Taylor

2008

Bone

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“…These results are not in complete agreement with the statistically lower follicular VEGF concentrations in the GnRH antagonist group but in agreement with our result. Contrary to the results of the present study and the above-mentioned studies (30,31) , Ferrari et al (2006) (32) found higher follicular VEGF concentrations with GnRH antagonists than with GnRH agonists. This opposite finding might be explained by the fact that in the study by Ferrari et al the indications for IVF were various (tubal factor, unexplained infertility and endometriosis), whereas in this study the indications were PCOS and male factor infertility.…”

contrasting

confidence: 56%

The Effect of Different Ovarian Stimulation Protocols on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (Vegf) Concentration in the Serum and Follicular Fluid of Women With Pcos Undergoing Icsi/Ivf.

Aboudy¹,

RedaAlKawaz²,

Ani³

2017

IJAR

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Objective:To measure the concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in serum and follicular fluid of patients with PCOS at day of ova pick up after using of different IVF/ICSI protocols and to assess the pregnancy outcome. Study design: A total of 90 infertile women (55 women with Polycystic ovary syndrome and the other 35 women as a control (non PCOS) undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycle were prospectively recruited for this study in High Institute of Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technology / AL-Nahrian University and Kamal ALSamarai Hospital, center of fertility and IVF (Baghdad/Iraq) during the period from December 2015 to the end of April 2017.The fifty five PCOS women were divided into three groups: twenty five (25) infertile women have had PCOS undergoing long Agonist protocol for ICSI cycle, fifteen (15) infertile women have had PCOS undergoing Antagonist protocol for ICSI and fifteen (15) infertile women have had PCOS undergoing short Agonist protocol for ICSI. The controlled group included 35 women were free of signs and symptoms of PCOS with regular cycles and no endocrine abnormalities undergoing ICSI cycle (15 infertile women underwent long agonist protocol, 10 women underwent short agonist and 10 women underwent antagonist protocol). In all patients, serum and follicular fluid VEGF levels were measured on the day of oocyte retrieval by using Enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay.

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Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonists for assisted reproductive technology

Al-Inany

Youssef

Ayeleke

et al. 2016

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

288

183

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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists increase follicular fluid insulin-like growth factor-I and vascular endothelial growth factor during ovarian stimulation cycles

Cited by 10 publications

References 51 publications

Delayed pubertal development by hypothalamic suppression causes an increase in periosteal modeling but a reduction in bone strength in growing female rats

Delayed pubertal development by hypothalamic suppression causes an increase in periosteal modeling but a reduction in bone strength in growing female rats

The Effect of Different Ovarian Stimulation Protocols on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (Vegf) Concentration in the Serum and Follicular Fluid of Women With Pcos Undergoing Icsi/Ivf.

Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonists for assisted reproductive technology

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