Gonadotropin excretion during puberty in malnourished children

Kulin, Howard E.; Bwibo, Nimrod O.; Mutie, Dominic; Santner, Steven J.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(84)80141-9

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…They found that the poor children had a delayed pubertal maturation. The authors also showed [66] that the levels of gonadotropins in urine from rural adolescents were lower than from those living in urban areas. However, following matching for pubertal stages there were no significant differences in the levels of gonadotropins.…”

Section: Combined Fetal-postnatal Undernutrition Growth and Pubertymentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Early Puberty Triggered by Catch-Up Growth Following Undernutrition?

Proos

Gustafsson

2012

IJERPH

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Undernutrition during fetal and postnatal life is still a major problem in many low- and middle-income countries. Even in high-income countries malnutrition may exist in cases of intrauterine growth retardation, as well as in chronic conditions such as anorexia nervosa and inflammatory bowel disease. Children adopted from developing countries are often chronically malnourished. Nutritional rehabilitation, resulting in catch-up growth, is often complicated by influences originating in fetal life as well as during postnatal growth. This may result in hormonal and metabolic changes as well as alterations in pubertal development. The present review focuses on fetal, postnatal and fetal-postnatal undernutrition and subsequent catch-up growth as well as catch-up growth in relation to pubertal development. Catch-up growth in children can be associated with early puberty following fetal or combined fetal-postnatal undernutrition. However, early puberty does not seem to occur following catch-up growth after isolated postnatal undernutrition. Gonadotropins have been reported to be elevated in prepubertal adopted girls as well as during catch-up growth in animals. Even if other factors may contribute, linear catch-up growth seems to be associated with the timing of pubertal development. The mechanisms behind this are still unknown. Future research may elucidate how to carry out nutritional rehabilitation without risk for early pubertal development.

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Section: Combined Fetal-postnatal Undernutrition Growth and Pubertymentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Early Puberty Triggered by Catch-Up Growth Following Undernutrition?

Proos

Gustafsson

2012

IJERPH

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“…Ellison (1997) proposed that environmental conditions affecting energy availability during human female puberty may underlie variation in adult ovarian function. While the role of hormonal priming in male adolescents remains to be fully elucidated, variation in HPT function and pubertal development in association with energy availability has been documented in rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans (Cameron, 1991;Dubey et al, 1986;Jean-Faucher et al, 1982;Kulin, 1996;Kulin et al, 1982Kulin et al, , 1984. Kulin et al (1984) reported that undernourished Kenyan male adolescents exhibited delayed pubertal LH and FSH increases compared to well-fed controls living in affluent neighborhoods of Nairobi.…”

Section: Reproductive Endocrinologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the role of hormonal priming in male adolescents remains to be fully elucidated, variation in HPT function and pubertal development in association with energy availability has been documented in rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans (Cameron, 1991;Dubey et al, 1986;Jean-Faucher et al, 1982;Kulin, 1996;Kulin et al, 1982Kulin et al, , 1984. Kulin et al (1984) reported that undernourished Kenyan male adolescents exhibited delayed pubertal LH and FSH increases compared to well-fed controls living in affluent neighborhoods of Nairobi. The reversibility of this outcome is unclear, although Smith et al (1975) reported that chronically undernourished adult Indian males manifested significantly lower testosterone increases in response to gonadotropin stimulation despite a month of refeeding, suggesting permanent Leydigcell insensitivity.…”

Section: Reproductive Endocrinologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive ecology and life history of the human male

Bribiescas

2001

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

210

117

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Until recently, the reproductive ecology of human males has not been extensively investigated, primarily as a result of the need for a theoretical framework based on the reproductive constraints and energetics of mammalian males. More specifically, male reproductive ecology has necessitated an integrative interpretation of clinical and anthropological data based on the premise that the evolution of human male life histories has involved selection for physiological mechanisms aimed at optimizing trade-offs between survivorship and reproductive effort. This paper attempts to address this gap in our understanding by presenting the current state of male reproductive ecology, including physiologic data from clinical and anthropological investigations as well as recent theoretical developments. Recent investigations outlining population variation in reproductive endocrine function are discussed within the context of potential sources of variation, including energetic expediture, caloric intake, and developmental canalization during adolescence. Additional summaries of male senescence and behavior are presented to provide a complete overview of male life history. Implications of recent anthropological data on contemporary health issues such as prostate cancer and the development of a male contraceptive are also discussed. Finally, several theories are presented that may contribute to our understanding of the evolution of male life histories and reproductive ecology, including theoretical suggestions involving the role of competition, mate choosiness, and potential constraints on male insemination ability, as well as a theory suggesting that male reproductive ecology may be best understood by analyzing energetic allocation decisions between differing somatic tissues that may be indicative of the competing needs for optimizing survivorship and reproductive effort. Directions for future research are finally considered.

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“…7Ellison et al, 1989. 'Bentley et al, 1993 ment among non-Western populations have uncovered evidence of delayed reproductive maturation, including a later rise in testosterone and gonadotropins when compared to Western reference populations (Worthman, 1986;Kulin et al, 1984;Zemel et al, 1993). The specific environmental basis for these suppressed levels is obscure.…”

Section: Anthropological Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive ecology of human males

Leslie

1995

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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Recent demonstrations that female reproductive physiology is highly responsive to environmental factors have led to a growing appreciation of the extent of variation in reproductive function and the adaptive nature of much of that variation. Male reproductive function has received much less attention from anthropologists, whether as an aspect of human variation, as a possible contributor to population variation in fertility, or as the product of selective pressures. Yet, an understanding of male reproductive function, along with that of females, is obviously important for a complete picture of human evolutionary ecology. We review our current understanding of male reproductive function, its response to environmental factors, and implications for male fecundity. Studies among Western populations indicate that male reproductive function is sensitive to environmental stresses, including weight loss, dietary composition, exercise, disease, and psychological stress. Indices of reproductive physiology among males in some non-Western populations are consistent with the notion that chronic environmental stresses can lead to suppression of testicular function. The specific causes of this suppression are not known, nor are the implications, if any, for male fecundity and fertility understood. Further research on males is called for, including the effects of hormonal changes on reproductive behavior and characterization of reproductive function in a wider range of populations. Evolutionary models of the selection pressures underlying male reproductive function should be helpful in focusing these investigations. Despite initial skepticism, recent work in the reproductive ecology of females has demonstrated convincingly that environmental circumstances can have a significant impact on reproductive function (see Ellison [1991, 19941 for a recent comprehensive review). In contrast, the effect of ecological factors on male reproductive function has barely been explored. There is substantial evidence from Western populations (reviewed in the following sections) that testicular function can be suppressed by exercise, weight loss, diet, and psychological stress. Furthermore, testicular function in some anthropological populations is suppressed or truncated compared to that of Western populations (Bentley et al., 1993;KL Campbell, 1994;Christiansen, 1991;Ellison et al., 1989). Yet we remain largely ignorant of the impact of environmental factors on reproductive function among males in non-Western populations.The lack of attention to male reproductive ecology stems from a long-standing orientation toward females in demographic studies of fertility, justified by the observation that women are much more likely than men to be the limiting factor in fertility. In addition, two-sex models of fertility or population replacement were 0 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Gonadotropin excretion during puberty in malnourished children

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

Is Early Puberty Triggered by Catch-Up Growth Following Undernutrition?

Is Early Puberty Triggered by Catch-Up Growth Following Undernutrition?

Reproductive ecology and life history of the human male

Reproductive ecology of human males

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