“…Stroke is a debilitating cerebrovascular event characterized by impaired blood flow to the brain causing rapid neuron death due to hemorrhage or extremely serious oxygen and energy deprivation. According to the common causes, stroke can be classified into four main types, including ischemic, hemorrhagic, transient ischemic attack, and cryptogenic ( 1 ). Ischemic stroke, the most common type of stroke (71% of cases), is mainly caused by a sudden obstruction in the cerebral vessels due to a clot or occlusion, resulting in the blockage of blood supply to a focal region of the brain ( 2 ).…”
Men with erectile dysfunction (ED) are considered to be at risk from stroke events. Conversely, post-stroke patients are also at high risk of ED, whereas a quantitative result from all the relevant studies has not been previously addressed. Therefore, we have performed a comprehensive review and meta-analysis on this issue. This study was registered on PROSPERO (ID No. CRD42021226618). Twenty studies with a total of 3,382 stroke events were included, of which six studies were included for quantitative analysis, and the remaining 14 studies were calculated for the ratio of ED. Synthetic results from four eligible studies providing the ED cases showed that stroke patients were associated with a significantly higher risk of ED than the general population [pooled relative risk (RR) = 3.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25–8.82, P = 0.016]. Men with stroke were also found to be associated with a significant decline in International Index of Erectile Function −5 (IIEF-5) score as compared with the healthy controls [three studies, standard mean differences (SMD) = −1.8, 95% CI: −2.94 to −0.67, P = 0.002]. The prevalence of ED in post-stroke patients among 14 studies ranged from 32.1 to 77.8%, which was dramatically higher than that of the general population. The result of the GRADE-pro revealed that the quality of the evidence in this study was moderate. The present study has confirmed the high prevalence of ED in men with stroke. ED in stroke patients is a result of both neurological and psychological factors. Rehabilitative interventions rather than phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors are recommended to improve the erectile function for those survivors with ED.
“…Stroke is a debilitating cerebrovascular event characterized by impaired blood flow to the brain causing rapid neuron death due to hemorrhage or extremely serious oxygen and energy deprivation. According to the common causes, stroke can be classified into four main types, including ischemic, hemorrhagic, transient ischemic attack, and cryptogenic ( 1 ). Ischemic stroke, the most common type of stroke (71% of cases), is mainly caused by a sudden obstruction in the cerebral vessels due to a clot or occlusion, resulting in the blockage of blood supply to a focal region of the brain ( 2 ).…”
Men with erectile dysfunction (ED) are considered to be at risk from stroke events. Conversely, post-stroke patients are also at high risk of ED, whereas a quantitative result from all the relevant studies has not been previously addressed. Therefore, we have performed a comprehensive review and meta-analysis on this issue. This study was registered on PROSPERO (ID No. CRD42021226618). Twenty studies with a total of 3,382 stroke events were included, of which six studies were included for quantitative analysis, and the remaining 14 studies were calculated for the ratio of ED. Synthetic results from four eligible studies providing the ED cases showed that stroke patients were associated with a significantly higher risk of ED than the general population [pooled relative risk (RR) = 3.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25–8.82, P = 0.016]. Men with stroke were also found to be associated with a significant decline in International Index of Erectile Function −5 (IIEF-5) score as compared with the healthy controls [three studies, standard mean differences (SMD) = −1.8, 95% CI: −2.94 to −0.67, P = 0.002]. The prevalence of ED in post-stroke patients among 14 studies ranged from 32.1 to 77.8%, which was dramatically higher than that of the general population. The result of the GRADE-pro revealed that the quality of the evidence in this study was moderate. The present study has confirmed the high prevalence of ED in men with stroke. ED in stroke patients is a result of both neurological and psychological factors. Rehabilitative interventions rather than phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors are recommended to improve the erectile function for those survivors with ED.
“…Thus, cardiovascular system drug may hold high promise against stroke. Moreover, drug candidates belonging to genito urinary system and sex hormones are likely to be repurposed since gonadal hormones are reported to regulate stroke risk and severity [30] , showing their potentials in stroke. Fig.…”
“…Next, excessive adipose tissue aromatizes the androgens into estrogen, leading to negative feedback on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPO) and finally decrease in production of gonadotropins ( 12 ). Gonadotropins play distinct roles in follicle development, oocyte maturation and corpus luteum formation ( 13 ). As a consequence, the lower level of gonadotropins lead to inhibition of ovarian activity, as well as menstrual abnormalities and infertility.…”
As we all know, female obesity has become a global epidemic, which is usually accompanied with endocrine and metabolic disorders. Obese women are more likely to experience reproductive problems, including infertility, embryonic developmental defects and abnormality in offspring. Female obesity is a complex multifactorial condition, where there are many mechanisms involved in the effects of overweight and obesity on the development of these reproductive disorders. The insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia and hyperandrogenism, lipotoxicity and inflammation are important mechanisms. However, the precise mechanism concerning their correlation is still unclear. Fortunately, weight loss methods have been found to reverse the effects of maternal obesity on the fertility, fetus and offspring.
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