Gonadal function in men with chronic illness

Turner, Helen; Wass, John

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1997.2611108.x

Cited by 103 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 244 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Male gonad evaluation requires a complete urologic examination in order to determine semen alterations due to increasing age (3,4), genital system abnormalities (e.g., varicocele, orchitis, testicular cancer, mumps) (5), influence of drugs (particularly intravenous cyclophosphamide [IV CYC]) (6)(7)(8)(9), and antisperm antibodies (10). There is, however, no systematic study in the literature assessing the overall gonad function in male SLE patients and its relevance for sperm abnormalities.…”

Section: Objective To Assess Gonad Function In Male Patients With Symentioning

confidence: 99%

Gonad evaluation in male systemic lupus erythematosus

Soares¹,

Borba²,

Bonfá³

et al. 2007

Arthritis & Rheumatism

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective. To assess gonad function in male patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods. Thirty-five consecutive male patients with SLE according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology were prospectively evaluated for demographic and clinical features as well as previous and current treatment. Patients underwent urologic evaluation and testicular Doppler ultrasound. We obtained a hormone profile and performed a semen analysis including morphology and testing for the presence of antisperm antibodies. Patients were compared with 35 age-matched healthy controls.Results. Compared with controls, SLE patients had lower median testicular volumes in both testes, a lower median total sperm count, and a lower median total motile sperm count. The mean sperm volume and percentage of normally formed sperm were lower in SLE patients than in controls. Since all SLE patients had semen alterations, they were further subdivided into 2 groups according to the severity of these abnormalities (group 1, with teratozoospermia [n ‫؍‬ 18], and group 2, with azoospermia or teratozoospermia in combination with oligozoospermia and/or asthenozoospermia [n ‫؍‬ 17]). The frequency of treatment with intravenous cyclophosphamide (IV CYC) after the first ejaculation was higher in group 2 than in group 1. The median testicular volumes measured by ultrasound in both testicles were lower in group 2 than in group 1. Follicle-stimulating hormone levels were higher in group 2 than in group 1. The overall frequency of antisperm antibodies in SLE patients was 40%. The apparent higher frequency of antisperm antibodies in group 1 than in group 2 did not reach significance.Conclusion. SLE patients have a high frequency of sperm abnormalities associated with reduced testicular volume. Postpubertal IV CYC treatment was the major factor in potential permanent damage to the testes.

show abstract

Section: Objective To Assess Gonad Function In Male Patients With Symentioning

confidence: 99%

Gonad evaluation in male systemic lupus erythematosus

Soares¹,

Borba²,

Bonfá³

et al. 2007

Arthritis & Rheumatism

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Current knowledge about several adaptations to changing conditions can provide models of what might occur as a result of exposure to EDCs. For example, if a woman is very young or very old (13-21), exercises intensely (22-23), has not enough food (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29), is stressed (30)(31)(32)(33), or is sick (28,(34)(35)(36)(37)(38), the delicate balance of the hypothalamopituitary-ovarian axis is altered, impairing or suppressing ovulation. Thus, from an adaptive point of view, it is clear that there is no advantage for a woman to be pregnant in situations where the outcome for the mother or the fetus is not optimal.…”

Section: Changes In Endocrine Function Under Changing Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gonadal dysfunction is frequent in men and women with systemic disorders such as renal failure, liver cirrhosis, sickle cell anemia (34), chronic respiratory disease, gastrointestinal disease, or cancer (35), and with severe infections such as malaria or pneumonia (28). The mechanisms involved are often multiple (hypoxia, altered hormonal clearance, fever, nutritional status, or drugs).…”

Section: Chronic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanisms involved are often multiple (hypoxia, altered hormonal clearance, fever, nutritional status, or drugs). Acute illness (brain trauma, myocardial infarction, or elective surgery) is usually associated with temporary hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (35). Both primary and secondary hypogonadism may occur (35).…”

Section: Chronic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acute illness (brain trauma, myocardial infarction, or elective surgery) is usually associated with temporary hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (35). Both primary and secondary hypogonadism may occur (35). In addition, the euthyroid sick syndrome (low T3, normal or low T4, and normal TSH) is common in chronic disease, and its degree often correlates with the seriousness of the underlying disease (36).…”

Section: Chronic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Significant effects of mild endogenous hormonal changes in humans: considerations for low-dose testing.

Brucker‐Davis

Thayer

Colborn

2001

Environ Health Perspect

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We review the significant and adverse health effects that can occur with relatively small endogenous hormonal changes in pubertal and adult humans. We discuss the effects of hormonal changes that occur within normal physiologic ranges--such as the rising levels of estrogen in peripuberty, which cause growth spurts at low levels and then the fusion of epiphyses at higher levels--and the hormonal variations during the menstrual cycle and their relation to genital phenotypic changes and intercurrent disease evolution. We turn next to adaptive changes in gonadal and other functions during aging, exercise, stress, starvation, and chronic diseases, which can serve as models for the effects of exogenous, hormonally active compounds. Then we review the states of borderline hormonal imbalances such as subclinical (having few or very mild symptoms, if any) hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, glucose intolerance, and other endocrine conditions. Finally, we review the deleterious systemic effects of gonadal imbalance. Information stemming from clinical observations leads to the concept of "no threshold" within the endocrine system and thus illustrates the importance of considering low-dose testing for chemicals that interfere with hormonal activity. We also urge attention to more sensitive, less visible end points such as osteoporosis, increased risk for cardiovascular disease, or cognitive changes.

show abstract