GOLPH3 high expression predicts poor prognosis in patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer: an immunohistochemical analysis

Abstract

Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) has been reported to be involved in the development of several human tumours. However, little is known about GOLPH3 expression and its clinical significance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The present study was conducted to investigate the expression of GOLPH3 and its prognostic significance in NSCLC. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to determine the expression of GOLPH3 in 145 cases NSCLC tissue and their corresponding adjacent normal tissues. The results are the following: (1) The GOLPH3 protein was mainly located in the cytoplasm of NSCLC tissue; (2) GOLPH3 was highly expressed in 71.7% of NSCLC tissues versus 22.8% of adjacent tissues (P < 0.01); (3) GOLPH3 expression was significantly associated with tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (P = 0.001), lymph node status (P = 0.014), and degree of differentiation (P = 0.018); (4) The Kaplan-Meier curve indicated that the patients with high GOLPH3 expression had significantly shorter survival than those with low GOLPH3 expression; and (5) Cox regression analysis demonstrated that the expression of GOLPH3, lymph node status, and TNM stage were independent prognostic predictors for NSCLC patients. High GOLPH3 expression is predictive of poor prognosis of NSCLC, implying that GOLPH3 may be a promising new target for targeted therapies for NSCLC.

GOLPH3 Overexpression is Closely Correlated with Poor Prognosis in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Mediates its Metastasis Through Upregulating MMP-2 and MMP-9

“…We found that the expression level of GOLPH3 is closely related to the M classification in tissue sections, which is consistent with other studies [8,12]. We also found that GOLPH3 can regulate the migration and invasion abilities of NSCLC cell lines, including A549 and L78; meanwhile, the invasion and migration of these cell lines was reduced when GOLPH3 was knocked down using siRNA.…”

“…As determined by IHC staining, 144 of 230 NSCLC tissue sections displayed moderate to strong staining of GOLPH3, whereas there was no significant GOLPH3 staining in the adjacent, non-cancerous tissue. Statistical analysis revealed that the expression level of GOLPH3 was correlated with the M classification and clinical stage, supporting the notion that GOLPH3 might play an important role in the progression of NSCLC, which was consistent with Zhang's study [12], whereas it was not in agreement with Lu's study reporting that GOLPH3 expression did not correlate with the clinicopathological features of early-stage NSCLC [13]. This inconsistency may be due to differences in the clinical stages of NSCLC; while there was no relationship between GOLPH3 expression and early-stage.…”

“…reported that a FISH analysis demonstrated that the GOLPH3 gene was amplified in a variety of solid tumor tissues [6], and GOLPH3 was subsequently found to be overexpressed in many tumor tissues, including prostate cancer [7], breast cancer [8], and glioma [10]. It was also reported that the level of GOLPH3 expression was correlated with the M classification and with the overall survival of breast cancer [8], prostate cancer [7] and NSCLC patients [12,13]. These investigations indicated the significance of GOLPH3 in tumor initiation and progression in some types of cancer.…”

“…These investigations indicate that GOLPH3 plays an important role in tumor initiation and progression. Although the clinical role of GOLPH3 in NSCLC has been described [12,13], the role of GOLPH3 in NSCLC metastasis and its mechanism remains unknown. In the present study, we focus on the role of GOLPH3 in the metastasis of NSCLC cells and investigate the underlying mechanism of its action.…”

GOLPH3 Links the Golgi, DNA Damage, and Cancer

“…Evidence of transformation by overexpression of GOLPH3 has been reported in MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 breast cancer cell lines (9–11), and U251 and U87 glioblastoma cell lines (12, 13). Frequent overexpression of GOLPH3 and correlation with poor prognosis have been reported in multiple tumor types including 58–72% of non-small cell lung cancers (14, 15), 52% of breast cancers (11), 70% of prostate cancers (16), 73% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (17), 65% of hepatocellular carcinomas (18, 19), 55–58% of gastric cancers (20, 21), 53% of renal cell carcinomas (22), 41–53% of glioblastomas (12, 23, 24), 49% of esophageal squamous carcinomas (25), and 45% of ovarian carcinomas (26, 27). Overexpression of GOLPH3 occurs frequently in rhabdomyosarcoma, and knockdown of GOLPH3 in rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines impairs cell proliferation (28).…”