Goldfish spexin: solution structure and novel function as a satiety factor in feeding control

Wong, Man‐Hon; Sze, Kong Hung; Chen, Ting; Cho, Chi Kong; Law, Henry C.-H.; Chu, Ivan K.; Wong, Anderson O. L.

doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00141.2013

Cited by 134 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…SPX has been identified involved in feeding behavior [22], energy balance [23], and cardiovascular function in both animal models and humans [24]. In the current study of pre-pubertal children with obesity, we demonstrated that the serum SPX levels were reduced in obese subjects, and circulating SPX levels had an inverse correlation with systematic IR.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Circulating Spexin Decreased and Negatively Correlated with Systemic Insulin Sensitivity and Pancreatic β Cell Function in Obese Children

et al. 2019

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Objectives: Spexin (SPX) is a novel peptide that has recently emerged as an important regulatory adipokine of obesity and related metabolic disease. Little is known about its role in children. The aim of the current study was to determine the potential role of SPX in obese children and explore its relationships with obesity-related markers, insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β cell function. Method: We studied the levels of serum SPX in 40 obese and 32 normal weight pre-puberty children (mean age was 8.59 ± 1.82 and 8.15 ± 2.03 years in obesity and control groups respectively). We investigated the levels of body mass index, blood pressure, lipids, glucose, insulin, Homeostasis model assessment for insulin-resistant (HOMA-IR, HOMA for β-cell function [HOMA-β]), insulinogenic index and C-peptide index and analyzed their correlations with SPX levels. Results: SPX levels were significantly decreased in obese children compared to controls. Moreover, serum SPX levels were lower in IR obese subjects in contrast with the non-IR obese subjects. Serum SPX concentrations correlated negatively and significantly with triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting insulin level, HOMA-IR, insulinogenic index, and HOMA-β levels in obese children. Conclusions: In summary, serum SPX levels significantly decreased in obese children and negatively correlated with insulin resistance and pancreatic β cell function indicators. Therefore, SPX may play a protective role in the process of glucose homeostasis and is closely related to β cell function in obese children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Circulating Spexin Decreased and Negatively Correlated with Systemic Insulin Sensitivity and Pancreatic β Cell Function in Obese Children

et al. 2019

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“…The C12ORF39 gene encodes a protein containing a signal peptide, followed by a precursor sequence with a predicted mature peptide (SPX) of 14 amino acids flanked by conserved dibasic cleavage sites (1)(2)(3). This mature peptide sequence is evolutionarily conserved across vertebrate species (4,5). The mRNA and/or protein expression levels for SPX have been determined in brain regions and peripheral tissues of human, mouse, rat, and goldfish, including the hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, optic tectum, pons, retina, esophagus, stomach, kidney, ovary, and adrenal glands (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results suggest multiple physiological functions of SPX. Recent analyses using goldfish revealed the involvement of SPX in reproduction and appetite control (4,5). Treatment of goldfish with SPX decreased the secretion of LH (4) and suppressed appetite (5).…”

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confidence: 99%

Coevolution of the Spexin/Galanin/Kisspeptin Family: Spexin Activates Galanin Receptor Type II and III

et al. 2014

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The novel neuropeptide spexin (SPX) was discovered using bioinformatics. The function of this peptide is currently under investigation. Here, we identified SPX along with a second SPX gene (SPX2) in vertebrate genomes. Syntenic analysis and relocating SPXs and their neighbor genes on reconstructed vertebrate ancestral chromosomes revealed that SPXs reside in the near vicinity of the kisspeptin (KISS) and galanin (GAL) family genes on the chromosomes. Alignment of mature peptide sequences showed some extent of sequence similarity among the 3 peptide groups. Gene structure analysis indicated that SPX is more closely related to GAL than KISS. These results suggest that the SPX, GAL, and KISS genes arose through local duplications before 2 rounds (2R) of whole-genome duplication. Receptors of KISS and GAL (GAL receptor [GALR]) are phylogenetically closest among rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors, and synteny revealed the presence of 3 distinct receptor families KISS receptor, GALR1, and GALR2/3 before 2R. A ligand-receptor interaction study showed that SPXs activate human, Xenopus, and zebrafish GALR2/3 family receptors but not GALR1, suggesting that SPXs are natural ligands for GALR2/3. Particularly, SPXs exhibited much higher potency toward GALR3 than GAL. Together, these results identify the coevolution of SPX/GAL/KISS ligand genes with their receptor genes. This study demonstrates the advantage of evolutionary genomics to explore the evolutionary relationship of a peptide gene family that arose before 2R by local duplications.

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“…Brain injection of goldfish with SPX inhibited both basal and NPY-or orexin-dependent consumatory behaviour and food intake [7]. Similarly, a new finding also reports, that in another fish; orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) central SPX administration decreased orexin but increased POMC mRNA expression in the hypothalamus [8].…”

Section: Spexin (Spx) Is One Such Intriguing Novel Neuropeptide a Prmentioning

confidence: 60%

Escitalopram affects spexin expression in the rat hypothalamus, hippocampus and striatum

Pałasz

Suszka-Świtek

Filipczyk

et al. 2016

Pharmacological Reports

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Goldfish spexin: solution structure and novel function as a satiety factor in feeding control

Abstract: Wong MK, Sze KH, Chen T, Cho CK, Law HC, Chu IK, Wong AO. Goldfish spexin: solution structure and novel function as a satiety factor in feeding control.

Cited by 134 publications

References 50 publications

Circulating Spexin Decreased and Negatively Correlated with Systemic Insulin Sensitivity and Pancreatic β Cell Function in Obese Children

Circulating Spexin Decreased and Negatively Correlated with Systemic Insulin Sensitivity and Pancreatic β Cell Function in Obese Children

Coevolution of the Spexin/Galanin/Kisspeptin Family: Spexin Activates Galanin Receptor Type II and III

Escitalopram affects spexin expression in the rat hypothalamus, hippocampus and striatum

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