Golden Shiner (<i>Notemigonus crysoleucas</i>) Population Abundance Correlations with Food and Predators

Johannes, Mark R. S.; McQueen, Donald J.; Stewart, Theodor J.; Post, John R.

doi:10.1139/f89-101

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Like many juvenile fish (33), shiners experience very high mortality due to predation; abundance is limited by predation rather than food availability (34). Under our experimental conditions, which minimize external visual and acoustic cues (SI Appendix), we find that shiners occasionally exhibit spontaneous fast-starts in the absence of any apparent cue.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Revealing the hidden networks of interaction in mobile animal groups allows prediction of complex behavioral contagion

Rosenthal¹,

Twomey

Hartnett³

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

411

453

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Coordination among social animals requires rapid and efficient transfer of information among individuals, which may depend crucially on the underlying structure of the communication network. Establishing the decision-making circuits and networks that give rise to individual behavior has been a central goal of neuroscience. However, the analogous problem of determining the structure of the communication network among organisms that gives rise to coordinated collective behavior, such as is exhibited by schooling fish and flocking birds, has remained almost entirely neglected. Here, we study collective evasion maneuvers, manifested through rapid waves, or cascades, of behavioral change (a ubiquitous behavior among taxa) in schooling fish (Notemigonus crysoleucas). We automatically track the positions and body postures, calculate visual fields of all individuals in schools of ∼150 fish, and determine the functional mapping between socially generated sensory input and motor response during collective evasion. We find that individuals use simple, robust measures to assess behavioral changes in neighbors, and that the resulting networks by which behavior propagates throughout groups are complex, being weighted, directed, and heterogeneous. By studying these interaction networks, we reveal the (complex, fractional) nature of social contagion and establish that individuals with relatively few, but strongly connected, neighbors are both most socially influential and most susceptible to social influence. Furthermore, we demonstrate that we can predict complex cascades of behavioral change at their moment of initiation, before they actually occur. Consequently, despite the intrinsic stochasticity of individual behavior, establishing the hidden communication networks in large self-organized groups facilitates a quantitative understanding of behavioral contagion.T he social transmission of behavioral change is central to collective animal behavior. For many mobile groups, such as schooling fish and flocking birds, social contagion can be fast, resulting in dramatic waves of response (1-6). Such waves are evident in particular when individuals are under threat of attack from predators (1). Despite the ubiquity and importance of behavioral contagion, and the fact that survival depends on how individual interactions scale to collective properties (2), we still know very little about the sensory basis and mechanism of such coordinated collective response.In the early 20th century, Edmund Selous proposed that rapid waves of turning in large flocks of birds resulted from a direct transference of thoughts among animals: "They must think collectively, all at the same time. . . a flash out of so many brains" (3). By the mid-1950s, however, attention had turned from telepathy to synchrony arising from the rapid transmission of local behavioral response to neighbors, with some of the first experimental studies of cascading behavioral change undertaken by Dimitrii Radakov (4). Radakov (4) hand-traced the paths of each fish, frame-by-fram...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Revealing the hidden networks of interaction in mobile animal groups allows prediction of complex behavioral contagion

Rosenthal¹,

Twomey

Hartnett³

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

411

453

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Bigheaded carps can grow to 100-200 mm in their first growing season depending on the densities of conspecifics (Schrank & Guy, 2002). In contrast, golden shiner only grow to 60-70 mm during the same time (Johannes, McQueen, Stewart, & Post, 1989). Therefore, the amount of forage required to attain rapid growth to these larger sizes means that consumption of F I G U R E 3 (a) The duration of time (days) bluegill were free swimming larvae within ponds, which coincides with active feeding on zooplankton.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition during early ontogeny: Effects of native and invasive planktivores on the growth, survival, and habitat use of bluegill

et al. 2019

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Early life stages of fishes are sensitive to ecological and environmental disturbances and experience very high mortality rates. During early ontogeny, the growth and survival of larval fish often depends on food availability. Because habitat and diet shifts are strongly tied to individual body size, factors that influence the growth rates of individuals (e.g. resource limitation, competition) also affect other aspects of ontogeny including the timing of habitat or diet shifts. In the context of biological invasions, non‐native species can potentially disrupt the interaction of larval fish with their food via competition for shared prey, reducing growth and survival during a vulnerable period of an organism's life history. We hypothesised that invasive planktivores negatively affect native species through the vulnerable larval life stage via competition for zooplankton resources. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a series of experiments to assess and contrast the effects of invasive (bighead carp, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and native (golden shiners, Notemigonus crysoleucas) planktivores on zooplankton densities, and their effects on the growth, survival, abundance, and habitat use of larval bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). Overall, the effects of the invasive planktivore were consistently greater than the native planktivore in terms of reduced prey densities, reduced bluegill growth rates, and delays to the timing of ontogenetic habitat shifts. Growth rates of bluegill larvae were reduced by 58–87% in the presence of bighead carp and 37% in the presence of golden shiners (relative to controls), but such reductions did not consistently lead to reduced survival (in mesocosm experiment) or relative abundance (in pond experiment). However, we estimated that bighead carp and golden shiners delayed ontogenetic habitat shifts in bluegill by 9–24 and 1–3 days, respectively. Although we did not detect an effect of planktivores on the numbers of larval bluegill, our findings suggest that bighead carp may still affect bluegill ontogeny and freshwater food webs by disrupting the timing of ontogenetic habitat shifts. By affecting the coupling of habitats via organism movements during early ontogeny, bighead carp may indirectly disrupt predator–prey interactions of native taxa.

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“…The tendency for piscivores to select small prey over large prey (Hargreaves and LeBrasseur 1986;Hart and Hamrin 1988;Johannes et al 1989;Post and Evans 1989;Hambright 1991) may also lead to differential mortality of newly stocked trout during spring compared with larger fall-stocked trout. Whatever the mechanism, our data strongly suggest that fall stocking can improve angler catches of rainbow trout in reservoirs with walleyes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Strain, Season of Stocking, and Size at Stocking to Improve Fisheries for Rainbow Trout in Reservoirs with Walleyes

Yule

Whaley

Mavrakis

et al. 2000

North American Journal of Fisheries Management

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We evaluated stockings of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in Pathfinder and Alcova reservoirs, Wyoming, to determine what combination of strain, season of stocking, and size at stocking maximized angler catch in the presence of walleyes Stizostedion vitreum. Coded wire tags were used to identify individual rainbow trout to stock group. Angler catch of Kamloops rainbow trout and fall rainbow trout in Pathfinder Reservoir exceeded returns of Eagle Lake rainbow trout. Differences in strain performance in Alcova Reservoir were less pronounced. The importance of season of stocking was identified with fall-stocked (August-October) rainbow trout returning to anglers in higher numbers than those stocked during spring (March-June). Size-at-stocking evaluations indicate that large, catchable-size (Ͼ208 mm total length) rainbow trout maximize use of hatchery facilities over stocking greater numbers of small, catchable (178-207 mm) or subcatchable (127-177 mm) sizes. Pond feeding trials conducted with three walleye size-classes and three rainbow trout sizes showed that 127-mm rainbow trout were highly vulnerable to walleyes as small as 330-378 mm. Intermediate-size rainbow trout (178 mm) were not readily consumed by 381-432-mm walleyes, but they were vulnerable to 483-533-mm walleyes. At 229 mm, rainbow trout appeared invulnerable to walleyes in the largest size-class (483-533 mm) we studied. Rainbow trout stocked at large, catchable sizes are probably vulnerable to fewer walleyes compared with small, catchable and subcatchable sizes, allowing greater numbers to survive predation and recruit to the sport fishery.

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Golden Shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas) Population Abundance Correlations with Food and Predators

Cited by 22 publications

References 20 publications

Revealing the hidden networks of interaction in mobile animal groups allows prediction of complex behavioral contagion

Revealing the hidden networks of interaction in mobile animal groups allows prediction of complex behavioral contagion

Competition during early ontogeny: Effects of native and invasive planktivores on the growth, survival, and habitat use of bluegill

Use of Strain, Season of Stocking, and Size at Stocking to Improve Fisheries for Rainbow Trout in Reservoirs with Walleyes

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