Golden Finds From «nikopolian Barrows» From the Collections of B. And V. Khanenko

Velychko, E. A.; Polidovych, Yu. B.

doi:10.37445/adiu.2018.02.09

journal

2018

DOI: 10.37445/adiu.2018.02.09

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Golden Finds From «nikopolian Barrows» From the Collections of B. And V. Khanenko

E. A. Velychko¹,

Yu. B. Polidovych²

Abstract: The article is devoted to the attribution of objects from the collection of B. and V. Khanenko, which were received in the 1900s. from the market of antiquities as occurring «from the barrows near the city of Nikopol». These are various applicative decorations mostly dated to the 4th century BC. Stylistic analysis allows us to talk about the heterogeneity of this group of products and with great probability to assume that they are associated with predatory excavations of mounds in the steppe Black Sea region, … Show more

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2021

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Pectoral From Tovsta Mohyla as a Reminiscence of the Shield of Achilles: Searching the Origin of Idea

Babenko¹

2021

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Pectorals in form of breast decoration of a moon-like shape were not peculiar for the Scythian culture. Many ideas on manufacturing the pectoral, which was found by B. Mozolevsky in 1971 during the Tovsta Mohyla excavations, were borrowed by the craftsman from the other culture environment. By the opinion of many researchers, the influence of different traditions of the ancient Greek art is easy-to-see in the pectoral’s composition. Besides, it is inheriting in frieze forming similarelly to sculptural compositions fronton of the Parthenon, borrowing motives of floral ornaments, coin plots etc. But the creative work of the author of pectoral could have been influenced not only by decorative art but the literary monument too. To the latter the Homer’s «Iliad» can be named, especially its 18th playsong, which describes Hephaestus manufacturing the Shield of Achilles. It is interesting that the Pectoral from Tovsta Mohyla was compared with the Shield of Achilles by many researchers (I. V. Yatsenko, L. A. Lelekov and D. S. Rayevsky, V. Y. Mukhaylin). As at its core both Shield of Achilles and the pectoral are pieces of art of high artistic merit, which represent world cosmologic pictures with the help of the opposite action areas made with high relief figures. The breast collars, which are widely known by the findings of Thrace and Macedonia, could lead to generation of ideas that influenced the pectoral’s invention. Such breast collars actually were small hanging shields, which protected in battle the warrior’s weakest spot. By their form and functions they are close to peltes — light skin shields of a moon-like shape. Such peltes were not only well known by toreuts who worked on the Scythians’ orders, but also were recreated by them in battle-pieces on the comb from Soloha and on the calathus from Vylyka Blysnytsya. So it can be considered that the pectoral’s conception was based on the different but connected ideas, borrowed by the craftsman from the military sphere. As a result of the composed transformation of the association chain the Shield of Achilles — Peltes shield — breast collars (or vise versa) and synthesis of several ideas, there was formed a general vision of the pectoral with the corresponding shape, composition structure and separate ornamental patterns.

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Pectoral From Tovsta Mohyla as a Reminiscence of the Shield of Achilles: Searching the Origin of Idea

Babenko¹

2021

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Items From the Oguz Kurgan in the Varvara and Bohdan Khanenko Collection (Based on the Materials of the Museum of Historical Treasures of Ukraine)

Velychko

Polidovych

2021

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Twenty six precious items from the Varvara and Bohdan Khanenko collection discovered in the Oguz kurgan (Lower Dnieper region) are analyzed in the paper. These items were found by peasants in the fall of 1901 in the destroyed part of the kurgan and ended up to the hands of antiquities traders. Now these items are kept in the Museum of Historical Treasures of Ukraine. The study of objects made us possible to conclude that only decorative items for horse equipment were of unconditional origin from Oguz kurgan (fig. 1—2). These items complement the finds that are kept in the State Hermitage (Sankt-Peterburg, Russia) and also come from the Oguz kurgan. Together they are four completes sets of decoration of horse bridle of so-called Chertomlyk type. Some round plaques (fig. 1: 4—5) were used for saddles decoration. The total number of such plaques indicates that 9 or 10 saddles were found. This determines the total number of horses buried in the Central tomb of the Oguz kurgan. The cone (fig. 2) served as a decoration for the horse’s neck. Five more such items are kept in the State Hermitage. They were found only in the Oguz kurgan. The significant part of other items (upholstery of a wooden bowl, jewelry, appliquйs (fig. 3) were probably found by peasants in other steppe kurgans which were robbed by diggers at the beginning of the 20th century. Two small appliquйs (fig. 3: 5—6) probably come from the necropolises of ancient Greek colonies, possibly Chersonesos. Unfortunately, almost all items from old or modern private collections lose the historical context in which they were found. Probably, some items (fig. 1: 6—9; 3: 3—4, 7—8) were «restored» by antiquities dealers and, as a result, lost their authentic appearance.

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Golden Finds From «nikopolian Barrows» From the Collections of B. And V. Khanenko

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Pectoral From Tovsta Mohyla as a Reminiscence of the Shield of Achilles: Searching the Origin of Idea

Pectoral From Tovsta Mohyla as a Reminiscence of the Shield of Achilles: Searching the Origin of Idea

Items From the Oguz Kurgan in the Varvara and Bohdan Khanenko Collection (Based on the Materials of the Museum of Historical Treasures of Ukraine)

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