Golden beam data for proton pencil-beam scanning

Clasie, B.; Depauw, Nicolas; Fransen, M. A. L. J.; Gomà, Carles; Panahandeh, H; Seco, Joao; Flanz, J.; Kooy, Hanne M.

doi:10.1088/0031-9155/57/5/1147

Cited by 86 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The characterization of this halo, so dubbed because of its large lateral extent, complicates the empirical characterization 13,32 of dose in patient but must be considered because of its nonnegligible (i.e. approximately 2-5%) effect on the absolute dose prediction.…”

Section: Physicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 A rebuttal 12 argued that IMPT will become generally available and its use necessary to fully exploit the dosimetric advantages of proton radiotherapy. Indeed, IMPT (or more precisely PBS) delivery technology is now standard and is, in fact, more cost-effective and simpler in terms of commissioning 13 and operation compared with other delivery modes of proton radiotherapy. Overall costs, depending on accounting, are generally assumed to be twice that of IMRT and remain an issue.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intensity modulated proton therapy

Kooy¹,

Grassberger²

2015

BJR

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Intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) implies the electromagnetic spatial control of well-circumscribed "pencil beams" of protons of variable energy and intensity. Proton pencil beams take advantage of the charged-particle Bragg peak-the characteristic peak of dose at the end of range-combined with the modulation of pencil beam variables to create target-local modulations in dose that achieves the dose objectives. IMPT improves on X-ray intensity modulated beams (intensity modulated radiotherapy or volumetric modulated arc therapy) with dose modulation along the beam axis as well as lateral, in-field, dose modulation. The clinical practice of IMPT further improves the healthy tissue vs target dose differential in comparison with X-rays and thus allows increased target dose with dose reduction elsewhere. In addition, heavy-charged-particle beams allow for the modulation of biological effects, which is of active interest in combination with dose "painting" within a target. The clinical utilization of IMPT is actively pursued but technical, physical and clinical questions remain. Technical questions pertain to control processes for manipulating pencil beams from the creation of the proton beam to delivery within the patient within the accuracy requirement. Physical questions pertain to the interplay between the proton penetration and variations between planned and actual patient anatomical representation and the intrinsic uncertainty in tissue stopping powers (the measure of energy loss per unit distance). Clinical questions remain concerning the impact and management of the technical and physical questions within the context of the daily treatment delivery, the clinical benefit of IMPT and the biological response differential compared with X-rays against which clinical benefit will be judged. It is expected that IMPT will replace other modes of proton field delivery. Proton radiotherapy, since its first practice 50 years ago, always required the highest level of accuracy and pioneered volumetric treatment planning and imaging at a level of quality now standard in X-ray therapy. IMPT requires not only the highest precision tools but also the highest level of system integration of the services required to deliver high-precision radiotherapy.

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Section: Physicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensity modulated proton therapy

Kooy¹,

Grassberger²

2015

BJR

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“…4(b), the semi‐log scale. As shown by other investigators, the lateral profiles of the proton pencil beam usually extend out greatly in low‐dose regions, that is, with a broad low‐dose tail 3, 5, 12. This low‐dose tail can be displayed more clearly using a semi‐log scale.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Use of a radial projection to reduce the statistical uncertainty of spot lateral profiles generated by Monte Carlo simulation

Ding

Liu

Shen

et al. 2017

J Applied Clin Med Phys

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Monte Carlo (MC) simulation has been used to generate commissioning data for the beam modeling of treatment planning system (TPS). We have developed a method called radial projection (RP) for postprocessing of MC‐simulation‐generated data. We used the RP method to reduce the statistical uncertainty of the lateral profile of proton pencil beams with axial symmetry. The RP method takes advantage of the axial symmetry of dose distribution to use the mean value of multiple independent scores as the representative score. Using the mean as the representative value rather than any individual score results in substantial reduction in statistical uncertainty. Herein, we present the concept and step‐by‐step implementation of the RP method, as well as show the advantage of the RP method over conventional measurement methods for generating lateral profile. Lateral profiles generated by both methods were compared to demonstrate the uncertainty reduction qualitatively, and standard error comparison was performed to demonstrate the reduction quantitatively. The comparisons showed that statistical uncertainty was reduced substantially by the RP method. Using the RP method to postprocess MC data, the corresponding MC simulation time was reduced by a factor of 10 without quality reduction in the generated result from the MC data. We concluded that the RP method is an effective technique to increase MC simulation efficiency for generating lateral profiles for axially symmetric pencil beams.

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“…The characteristics of the beam entering the nozzle were set to mimic currently achievable beam parameters (7,9,10,16). …”

Section: Proton Beam Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Scanning Beam for Superficial Dose in Proton Therapy

Moskvin

Estabrook

Cheng

et al. 2014

Technol Cancer Res Treat

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Proton beam delivery technology is under development to minimize the scanning spot size for uniform dose to target, but it is also known that the superficial dose could be as high as the dose at Bragg peak for narrow and small proton beams. The objective of this study is to explore the characteristics of dose distribution at shallow depths using Monte Carlo simulation with the FLUKA code for uniform scanning (US) and discrete spot scanning (DSS) proton beams. The results show that the superficial dose for DSS is relatively high compared to US.Additionally, DSS delivers a highly heterogeneous dose to the irradiated surface for comparable doses at Bragg peak. Our simulation shows that the superficial dose can become as

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Golden beam data for proton pencil-beam scanning

Cited by 86 publications

References 15 publications

Intensity modulated proton therapy

Intensity modulated proton therapy

Use of a radial projection to reduce the statistical uncertainty of spot lateral profiles generated by Monte Carlo simulation

Effect of Scanning Beam for Superficial Dose in Proton Therapy

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