Gold Nanorods with Spatial Separation of CeO₂ Deposition for Plasmonic-Enhanced Antioxidant Stress and Photothermal Therapy of Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract

Activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) of ceria nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) provide the possibility for their application in nervous system oxidative stress diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The addition of hot electrons produced by a plasma photothermal effect can expand the photocatalytic activity of CeO2 to the near-infrared region (NIR), significantly improving its redox performance. Therefore, we coated both ends of gold nanorods (Au NRs) with CeO2 NPs, and photocatalysis and photothermal therapy in the NIR are introduced into the treatment of AD. Meanwhile, the spatially separate structure enhances the catalytic performance and photothermal conversion efficiency. In addition, the photothermal effect significantly improves the permeability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and overcomes the shortcomings of traditional anti-AD drugs. To further improve the therapeutic efficiency, Aβ-targeted inhibitory peptides were modified on the middle surface of gold nanorods to synthesize KLVFF@Au–CeO2 (K-CAC) nanocomposites. We have verified their biocompatibility and therapeutic effectiveness at multiple levels in vitro and in vivo, which have a profound impact on the research and clinical transformation of nanotechnology in AD therapy.

Single-Atom Pd/CeO2 Nanostructures for Mimicking Multienzyme Activities

“…Multiple literatures reported that the antioxidant activity of CeO 2 NPs mainly comes from the autocatalytic properties of CeO 2 . , Han et al proposed CeO 2 /Mn 3 O 4 nanocrystals as antioxidants for radiation protection. Mn ions form a strained Mn 3 O 4 layer, which increases the number of oxygen vacancies in the CeO 2 phase.…”

Advanced nanomaterials for modulating Alzheimer's related amyloid aggregation

“…[175] Furthermore, due to the SOD activity, CeNP@MnMoS 4 can protect cells from oxidative stress. Based on the catalase and superoxide dismutase activity of CeO 2 and the hot electrons produced by gold nanorods, Ge et al [176] designed dumbbell-shaped nanocomposites (Au-CeO 2 ) by coating both ends of gold nanorods with CeO 2 NPs, and endowed Au-CeO 2 with photocatalysis and photothermal therapy in the NIR (Figure10 A). To further improve the therapeutic efficiency of Au-CeO 2 , the authors used the Aβ-targeted peptides (KLVFF) to modify Au-CeO 2 and obtained an Aβ-targeted nanocomposite (K-CAC).…”

“… 175 Furthermore, due to the SOD activity, CeNP@MnMoS 4 can protect cells from oxidative stress. Based on the catalase and superoxide dismutase activity of CeO 2 and the hot electrons produced by gold nanorods, Ge et al 176 designed dumbbell-shaped nanocomposites (Au-CeO 2 ) by coating both ends of gold nanorods with CeO 2 NPs, and endowed Au-CeO 2 with photocatalysis and photothermal effects in the NIR ( Fig. 10A ).…”

Recent advances in small molecular near-infrared fluorescence probes for a targeted diagnosis of the Alzheimer disease

“…It is ideal to develop a multiple funcional probe, which could simultaneously and efficiently detect different biomakers. (4) There is still a lack of probes that can combine NIR fluorescence imaging with other conventional phototherapies such as photodynamic and photothermal therapy, [166][167][168][169][170][171][172] although they would be good candidates for AD theranostics. Therefore, the design of such probes would be a new direction for future researchers.…”