Gold nanorods as saturable absorbers for all-fiber passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser

Gold nanorod as saturable absorber for Q-switched Yb-doped fiber laser

“…Recently, GNRs were also found to possess saturable absorption effect at longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with Z-scan technique [29], indicating that GNRs could potentially find applications in Q-switched fiber lasers. Indeed, based on the GNRs-SA, the Q-switched erbiumdoped fiber laser operating at 1.55 μm waveband has been demonstrated recently [30,31]. In fact, it should be stressed that the position of longitudinal SPR can be conveniently tuned from the visible to the infrared region by varying the aspect ratio of GNRs, suggesting that the saturable absorption of GNRs could operate at different wavebands.…”

Near‐Infrared Saturable Absorption of Defective Bulk‐Structured WTe2 for Femtosecond Laser Mode‐Locking

“…This phenomenon is known to occur in a medium with laser-active ions in which strong optical intensity can excite the ions to the upper energy level at a suffi ciently high rate so that they completely fi ll the upper energy states, leading to the saturation of the absorption. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] In particular, very recently, saturable absorption performance has also been observed in TMDCs such as MoS 2 , MoSe 2 , MoTe 2 , WS 2 , WSe 2 , and WTe 2 , in which mono-and/or few-layer structures of TMDCs were tacitly prepared for use as SAs. [ 12 ] Although most of commercial saturable absorbers have so far been made of III-V semiconductors, other materials including carbon nanotubes, graphene, black phosphorus, gold nanoparticles, topological insulators, etc., have recently been investigated as novel saturable absorption materials.…”

Gold Nanorods as Single and Combined Saturable Absorbers for a High-Energy <named-content content-type="math" xlink:type="simple"> <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="TeX">$Q$</tex-math></inline-formula></named-content>-Switched Nd:YAG Solid-State Laser

“…In the above situation using GNRs as a SA, the achievable maximum pulse energy was 19 J, which was higher than the results obtained both from the GNRs-based Q-switched Er fiber lasers [8], [9] and some emerging SAs Q-switched 1 m solid-state lasers (such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, topological insulator, and MoS 2 [16]- [19]). However, the generated pulses from such a GNRs-based passively Q-switched laser were in the microsecond region, which is attributed to the small effective modulation depth of GNRs-based SA.…”

“…Because the third-order susceptibility of gold nanoparticles required at least a few picoseconds to rise [13], the saturation intensity of the GNRs induced by nanosecond or CW lasers should be lower than that induced by femtosecond lasers at the same excitation wavelength [14]. Furthermore, because the saturable absorption of the nanoparticles is dominated by the SPR properties, the saturation intensity of the GNRs also depends on the excitation wavelength, shapes, and sizes of the nanorods [7]- [9], [11].…”

“…Recently, GNRs have been successfully exploited as SAs for the generation of short pulses in Q-switched or modelocked fiber lasers [6]- [11]. As for the Q-switched Er fiber lasers, pulses at 1562 nm with a pulse width of 1.78 s and a pulse energy of 0.13 J were obtained with the microfiber-based evanescent field interaction scheme [8], while 4.8 s and 0.31 J pulses at 1560 nm were generated in the GNRs film sandwich configuration [9]. Regarding mode-locking operation, 887 fs pulses at 1552 nm and $440 ps pulses at 1039 nm were obtained from GNRs-based modelocked Er and Yb fiber lasers, respectively [10], [11].…”