Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are very attractive materials due to their unique properties of small size, large surface area to volume ratio, high reactivity to the living cells, stability over high temperatures. These properties along with the evidence that GNPs are amenable to the attachment of biomolecules or ligands have led to the realization of several nanoparticle-based bio-devices for many theranostic applications and still boost a huge research effort in the field. In the present work absorption spectroscopy, static and dynamic light scattering, Fourier-Transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy and TEM microscopy were used to characterize different sized bare and biotinylated GNPs (20-70 nm diameter range). The aggregation process of the biotinylated particles induced by addition of neutravidin in the nanomolar range was investigated as a proof of concept of the approach. In particular, optical visible techniques were used for estimating the size of particles before and after the biotin capping procedure, FT-IR microspectroscopy and TEM microscopy to investigate the biochemical morphological changes occurring in GNPs after interaction processes.