Gold Nanoparticles in Neurological Diseases: A Review of Neuroprotection

Abstract

This review explores the diverse applications of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in neurological diseases, with a specific focus on Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and stroke. The introduction highlights the pivotal role of neuroinflammation in these disorders and introduces the unique properties of AuNPs. The review’s core examines the mechanisms by which AuNPs exert neuroprotection and anti-neuro-inflammatory effects, elucidating various pathways through which they manifest these properties. The potential therapeutic applications of AuNPs in AD are discussed, shedding light on promising avenues for therapy. This review also explores the prospects of utilizing AuNPs in PD interventions, presenting a hopeful outlook for future treatments. Additionally, the review delves into the potential of AuNPs in providing neuroprotection after strokes, emphasizing their significance in mitigating cerebrovascular accidents’ aftermath. Experimental findings from cellular and animal models are consolidated to provide a comprehensive overview of AuNPs’ effectiveness, offering insights into their impact at both the cellular and in vivo levels. This review enhances our understanding of AuNPs’ applications in neurological diseases and lays the groundwork for innovative therapeutic strategies in neurology.

Tiny Carriers, Tremendous Hope: Nanomedicine in the Fight against Parkinson’s

“…Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are known for properties like biocompatibility, antioxidant activities, and the ability to be functionalized for targeted drug delivery, which helps to protect dopaminergic neurons and reduce oxidative stress. They also enhance imaging techniques like MRI and CT, making them useful for early disease detection and followup [6]. Similarly, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are particularly valuable for their magnetic properties, which enhance MRI contrast, enabling better visualization of brain structures and PD progression.…”

Advanced Nano-Drug Delivery Systems in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke

“…They are characterized by a controllable structure, modifiable surface, and high loading efficiency, showing great research value in disease treatment and diagnosis [131][132][133]. For instance, gold nanoparticles are easy to synthesize and functionalize for versatile applications, possessing specific physical, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties [134,135]. Silica and iron have natural properties that allow them to work for MRI tracking [136,137].…”