Gold Nanoparticles in Molecular Diagnostics and Molecular Therapeutics

Matias, Ana S.; Carlos, Fábio Ferreira; Pedrosa, Pedro; Fernandes, Alexandra R.; Baptista, Pedro V.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-63790-7_16

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…Such properties are exploited in various electrochemical and electrocatalytic sensors. These optical, optoelectronic, electrochemical and electrocatalytic properties are utilized for detection of biomolecules, such as proteins, DNA, oligonucleotides and pathogens, but also whole cancer cells which are important for healthcare applications [6,7,11,[13][14][15]. In addition, the same properties can be applied for sensing various chemical compounds, such as heavy metal ions, toxic gases and organic compounds, which are important for environmental and safety applications [12,16].…”

Section: Applications Of Gold Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous synthesis of gold nanoparticles in micro- and millifluidic systems

Huang

Toit

Panariello

et al. 2018

Physical Sciences Reviews

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Gold nanomaterials have diverse applications ranging from healthcare and nanomedicine to analytical sciences and catalysis. Microfluidic and millifluidic reactors offer multiple advantages for their synthesis and manufacturing, including controlled or fast mixing, accurate reaction time control and excellent heat transfer. These advantages are demonstrated by reviewing gold nanoparticle synthesis strategies in flow devices. However, there are still challenges to be resolved, such as reactor fouling, particularly if robust manufacturing processes are to be developed to achieve the desired targets in terms of nanoparticle size, size distribution, surface properties, process throughput and robustness. Solutions to these challenges are more effective through a coordinated approach from chemists, engineers and physicists, which has at its core a qualitative and quantitative understanding of the synthesis processes and reactor operation. This is important as nanoparticle synthesis is complex, encompassing multiple phenomena interacting with each other, often taking place at short timescales. The proposed methodology for the development of reactors and processes is generic and contains various interconnected considerations. It aims to be a starting point towards rigorous design procedures for the robust and reproducible continuous flow synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Graphical Abstract:

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Section: Applications Of Gold Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous synthesis of gold nanoparticles in micro- and millifluidic systems

Huang

Toit

Panariello

et al. 2018

Physical Sciences Reviews

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“…The electron density and atomic number of gold (19.32 g/cm3 and 79) are much higher than iodine (4.9 g/cm3 and 53) [13, 14]. In addition to higher electron density (3.9 times higher than iodine), AuNPs have higher mass attenuation coefficient compared to iodine contrast agent [15]. Hainfield et al were the first to describe the application of AuNPs as a CT contrast agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual‐energy CT imaging of nasopharyngeal cancer cells using multifunctional gold nanoparticles

Khademi

Sarkar

Shakeri‐Zadeh

et al. 2019

IET nanobiotechnol.

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The purpose of this study is to measure the concentration of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) attached to folic acid through cysteamin as the linker (FA-Cys-AuNPs) and AuNPs in KB human nasopharyngeal cancer cells using dual-energy CT (DECT). In this study, nanoparticles with a size of ∼15 nm were synthesized and characterised using UV-Vis, TEM, FTIR and ICP-OES analyses. The non-toxicity of nanoparticles was confirmed by MTT assay under various concentrations (40-100 µg/ml) and incubation times (6, 12 and 24 h). To develop an algorithm for revealing different concentrations of AuNPs in cells, a corresponding physical phantom filled with 0.5 ml vials containing FA-Cys-AuNPs was used. The CT scan was performed at two energy levels (80 and 140 kVp). One feature of DECT is material decomposition, which allows separation and identification of different elements. The values obtained from the DECT algorithm were compared with values quantitatively measured by ICP-OES. Cells were also incubated with AuNPs and FA-Cys-AuNPs at different concentrations and incubation times. Subsequently, by increasing the incubation time in the presence of FA-Cys-AuNPs, in comparison with AuNPs, DECT pixels were increased. Thus, FA-Cys-AuNPs could be a suitable candidate for targeted contrast agent in DECT molecular imaging of nasopharyngeal cancer cells.

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