Gold nanoparticles explore cells: Cellular uptake and their use as intracellular probes

Huefner, Anna; Septiadi, Dedy; Wilts, Bodo D.; Patel, Imran; Kuan, Wei-Li; Fragniere, Alexandra M. C.; Barker, Roger A.; Mahajan, Sumeet

doi:10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.02.006

Cited by 65 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(120 reference statements)

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“…Several studies involving 3D imaging of SERS particles in cells have been demonstrated, some with particle tracking to follow the nanoparticle as it interacts with the cell [313][314][315]. Further studies also showed that AuNP SERS particle tracking in cytosol was able to correlate dynamic Raman features to particle motion [316].…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman spectroscopy: techniques and applications in the life sciences

Shipp¹,

Sinjab²,

Notingher³

2017

Adv. Opt. Photon.

233

189

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Raman spectroscopy is an increasingly popular technique in many areas including biology and medicine.It is based on Raman scattering, a phenomenon in which incident photons lose or gain energy via interactions with vibrating molecules in a sample. These energy shifts can be used to obtain information regarding molecular composition of the sample with very high accuracy. Applications of Raman spectroscopy in the life sciences have included quantification of biomolecules, hyperspectral molecular imaging of cells and tissue, medical diagnosis, and others. This review briefly presents the physical origin of Raman scattering explaining the key classical and quantum mechanical concepts. Variations of the Raman effect will also be considered, including resonance, coherent, and enhanced Raman scattering. We discuss the molecular origins of prominent bands often found in the Raman spectra of biological samples. Finally, we examine several variations of Raman spectroscopy techniques in practice, looking at their applications, strengths, and challenges. This review is intended to be a starting resource for scientists new to Raman spectroscopy, providing theoretical background and practical examples as the foundation for further study and exploration.

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Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman spectroscopy: techniques and applications in the life sciences

Shipp¹,

Sinjab²,

Notingher³

2017

Adv. Opt. Photon.

233

189

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Typically, the nanoparticles are incorporated in cells via endocytosis [4,5], secondary pathways of internalization also being available depending on cell type and nanoparticle-intrinsec properties (passive diffusion, macropinocytosis or phagocytosis) [6][7][8]. Most of the endocytic pathways arrive at lysosomes that are able to sequestrate and degrade even the most biopersistent nanoparticles because of their acidic pH and hydrolytic enzymes [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon‐based quantum dots induce inflammation in human lung cells and disrupt extracellular matrix homeostasis

et al. 2015

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Quantum dots (QDs) are nanocrystalline semiconductor materials that have been tested for biological applications such as cancer therapy, cellular imaging and drug delivery, despite the serious lack of information of their effects on mammalian cells. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of Si/SiO 2 QDs to induce an inflammatory response in MRC-5 human lung fibroblasts. Cells were exposed to different concentrations of Si/SiO 2 QDs (25-200 lgÁmL À1 ) for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The results obtained showed that uptake of QDs was dependent on biocorona formation and the stability of nanoparticles in various biological media (minimum essential medium without or with 10% fetal bovine serum). The cell membrane damage indicated by the increase in lactate dehydrogenase release after exposure to QDs was dose-and time-dependent. The level of lysosomes increased proportionally with the concentration of QDs, whereas an accumulation of autophagosomes was also observed. Cellular morphology was affected, as shown by the disruption of actin filaments. The enhanced release of nitric oxide and the increase in interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 protein expression suggested that nanoparticles triggered an inflammatory response in MRC-5 cells. QDs decreased the protein expression and enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 and also MMP-1 caseinase activity, whereas the protein levels of MMP-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 increased. The present study reveals for the first time that silicon-based QDs are able to generate inflammation in lung cells and cause an imbalance in extracellular matrix turnover through a differential regulation of MMPs and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 protein expression.

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“…Varying media-serum content has been reported to alter intracellular localisation of AuNPs as a result of varying protein corona make-up, with decreased enrichment of protein corona found to increase the likelihood of NPs evading endolysosomal vesicles to achieve free cytosolic residence 23 . Due to the sensitivity of intracellular SERS measurements, sampling from different cellular locations can give drastically different spectral signatures and has been used as such for cellular characterisation and mapping 7,[47][48][49] . Figure 3 Mean SERS spectra of SY-SY5Y cells following 24 h incubation with AuNPs at 10, 100 and 250 µM in 1 % serum media (A, red) and 100 and 250 µM in 10 % serum media (C, blue).…”

Section: Article Journal Namementioning

confidence: 99%

What do we actually see in intracellular SERS? Investigating nanosensor-induced variation

et al. 2017

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Plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs), predominantly gold (AuNPs), are easily internalised into cells and commonly emloyed as nanosensors for reporter-based and reporter-free intracellular SERS applications 1 . While AuNPs are generally considered non-toxic to cells, many biological and toxicity studies report that exposure to NPs induces cell stress through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulated transcription of pro-inflammatory genes, which can result in severe genotoxicity and apoptosis 2 . Despite this, the extent to which normal cellular metabolism is affected by AuNP internalisation remains a relative unknown along with the contribution of the uptake itself to the SERS spectra obtained from within so called 'healthy' cells, as indicated by traditional viability tests. This work aims to interrogate the perturbation created by treatment with AuNPs under different conditions and the corresponding effect on the SERS spectra obtained. We characterise the changes induced by varying AuNP concentrations and media-serum compositions using biochemical assays and correlate them to the corresponding intracellular reporter-free SERS spectra. The different serum conditions lead to different extents of nanoparticle internalisation. We observe that changes in SERS spectra are correlated to increasing amount of internalisation, confirmed qualitatively and quantitatively by confocal imaging and ICP-MS analysis, respectively. We analyse spectra and characterise changes that can be attributed to nanoparticle induced changes. Thus, our study points to the need to understand condition-dependent NP-cell interactions and standardisation of nanoparticle treatments to establish the validity of intracellular SERS experiments and for use of the methodology for all arising applications.

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Gold nanoparticles explore cells: Cellular uptake and their use as intracellular probes

Cited by 65 publications

References 81 publications

Raman spectroscopy: techniques and applications in the life sciences

Raman spectroscopy: techniques and applications in the life sciences

Silicon‐based quantum dots induce inflammation in human lung cells and disrupt extracellular matrix homeostasis

What do we actually see in intracellular SERS? Investigating nanosensor-induced variation

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