Gold nanoparticles enhance methylene blue&amp;ndash; induced photodynamic therapy: a novel therapeutic approach to inhibit Candida albicans biofilm

Khan, Shakir; Alam, Fahad; Azam, Ameer; Khan, Asad

doi:10.2147/ijn.s31219

Cited by 146 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Therefore, gold nanoparticle conjugate-mediated photodynamic therapy may also be used against common nosocomially acquired refractory Candida albicans biofilm. 5 In one of the relevant studies, Chifiriuc et al 6 explored functionalized magnetite nanoparticles with oleic acid as a surfactant. Core-shell nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 /oleic acid:CHCl 3 ) were used to coat pieces of catheter by applying a magnetic field on nanofluid, while the CHCl 3 diluted essential oil was pertained by adsorption in a secondary covering treatment.…”

Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicine at nanoscale: a new horizon

Khan¹

2012

IJN

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Concerning the recent article published in your journal on antibiofilm surface functionalization of catheters.1 This is an admirable approach to inhibit biofilm formation on the surfaces of various implants. Currently, a number of biomedical devices and implants are commonly used in hospitals and clinics. Over the past few decades, a number of knee and hip implants have been introduced to save lives and restore quality of life. Moreover, a significant increase in the use of stents, heart valves, vascular grafts, catheters, and other implantable devices are being introduced worldwide. However, regrettably, these surfaces are prone to microbial infections and hence device-related infections have become a major source of infection which may ultimately lead to a high mortality rate in the hospital setting. 2Another major problem is the worldwide spread of multidrug resistance, especially of the newly discovered NDM-1 superbug. The latest metallo beta-lactamase, named NDM-1 (New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase) has been identified as a novel class of carbapenemases in enterobacteriaceae.3 Due to its spread, only a limited number of antibiotics can control infections with this agent. In this situation, there is an urgent need for research on biomaterials and design of surfaces that are resistant to infection and biofilms so that microbial infection and biofilm formation can be controlled. 4 A number of promising approaches have been developed to control these infections on the surfaces of various devices. However, nanotechnology-based approaches are anticipated to provide new breakthroughs for prevention of biofilm-mediated infections via the broadened use of atomic-scaled nanomaterials.Lellouche et al 1 coated catheters with MgF2 nanoparticles using a sonochemical synthesis protocol. This preparation and coating procedure resulted in a uniform MgF2 nanoparticle layer on both sides of the catheter. These nanoparticle-coated catheters were investigated for their ability to control the formation of bacterial biofilm. Moreover, the potential cytotoxicity of MgF2 nanoparticles was investigated in human and mammalian cell lines. No significant reduction in mitochondrial metabolism was found. These results indicate that surface modification of catheters with MgF2 nanoparticles can be effective in preventing bacterial colonization and can make catheters available with enduring self-sterilizing properties.Recently, we explored gold nanoparticles (21 ± 2.5 nm and 0.2 mg/mL) and methylene blue (20 µg/mL) conjugation as a potential treatment for Candida biofilm. Type 1 phototoxicity against biofilm was demonstrated and confirmed by Dovepress submit your manuscript | www.dovepress.com

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Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicine at nanoscale: a new horizon

Khan¹

2012

IJN

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“…They suggested that in the presence of GNPs, TBO relaxes to the ground state by a non-radiative decay and that this process is primarily through formation of other reactive oxygen species-possibly hydroxyl radicals which increase the bacterial kill. Furthermore, Khan et al (2012) reported the GNPs-enhanced photodynamic therapy of methylene blue (MB) against Candida albicans biofilm and they found that GNPs of 21 nm diameter conjugated to MB showed significant reduction of biofilm. In our study, the presence of 16n m GNPs did not produce any enhancement; on the other hand, the antibacterial activity of PPIX in the presence of GNPs was reduced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of hydrogen peroxide or gold nanoparticles in protoporphyrin IX mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on Staphylococcus aureus

Awad¹,

rasekaran²,

Shanmugam³

et al. 2013

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) has been considered to treat skin diseases infected by drug resistant microorganisms. In this work, attempts were made to study the effectiveness of APDT with protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) in the presence of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) or hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) against the human bacterial pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus. To photoactivate the PPIX, xenon light source was used at 626 nm. The bactericidal effect was analyzed by standard plate counting method. Attempts were also made to study whether fluorescence spectroscopy can be used to characterize the damage at protein level. Results of the study revealed that PPIX with H 2 O 2 has showed higher bactericidal effect than that of PPIX alone and PPIX with GNPs. From fluorescence spectroscopic characterization it was found that protein damage is one of the reasons of bactericidal effect as there is a considerable change in the intensity of emission and fluorescence lifetime of tryptophan present in the microorganism between pre and post APDT.

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“…Khan et al 245 explored gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to enhance the efficacy of photodynamic therapy by methylene blue against resistant C. albicans and biofilm formation. The AuNPs and AuNP-methylene blue conjugates were characterized by physicochemical methods such as XRD, UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometry, cross-correlation of photons, FTIR, fluorescence spectroscopy, and electron microscopy.…”

Section: Goldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for control of microbial biofilms: a review

Ramos¹,

Silva²,

Spósito³

et al. 2018

IJN

200

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Since the dawn of civilization, it has been understood that pathogenic microorganisms cause infectious conditions in humans, which at times, may prove fatal. Among the different virulent properties of microorganisms is their ability to form biofilms, which has been directly related to the development of chronic infections with increased disease severity. A problem in the elimination of such complex structures (biofilms) is resistance to the drugs that are currently used in clinical practice, and therefore, it becomes imperative to search for new compounds that have anti-biofilm activity. In this context, nanotechnology provides secure platforms for targeted delivery of drugs to treat numerous microbial infections that are caused by biofilms. Among the many applications of such nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems is their ability to enhance the bioactive potential of therapeutic agents. The present study reports the use of important nanoparticles, such as liposomes, microemulsions, cyclodextrins, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, and metallic nanoparticles, in controlling microbial biofilms by targeted drug delivery. Such utilization of these nanosystems has led to a better understanding of their applications and their role in combating biofilms.

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Gold nanoparticles enhance methylene blue– induced photodynamic therapy: a novel therapeutic approach to inhibit Candida albicans biofilm

Cited by 146 publications

References 71 publications

Medicine at nanoscale: a new horizon

Medicine at nanoscale: a new horizon

Influence of hydrogen peroxide or gold nanoparticles in protoporphyrin IX mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on Staphylococcus aureus

Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for control of microbial biofilms: a review

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