Gold Nanoparticles: Can They Be the Next Magic Bullet for Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria?

Okkeh, Mohammad; Bloise, Nora; Restivo, Elisa; Vita, Lorenzo De; Pallavicini, Piersandro; Visai, Livia

doi:10.3390/nano11020312

Cited by 96 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 143 publications

(184 reference statements)

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“…A wide arsenal of metallic nanoparticles, including gold, silver, zinc oxide, copper oxide, aluminum oxide, and titanium dioxide nanoparticles, are currently being evaluated, alone or conjugated with antibiotics, for their potential in fighting bacterial infections [15][16][17]. Among them, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have received immense attention because of their lower toxicity, optical properties and, most importantly, ease of surface functionalization [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancement of Vancomycin Potential against Pathogenic Bacterial Strains via Gold Nano-Formulations: A Nano-Antibiotic Approach

et al. 2022

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The remarkable rise of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria poses a significant threat to human health. Nanoparticles (NPs) have recently emerged as novel strategies for conquering fatal bacterial diseases. Furthermore, antibiotic-functionalized metallic NPs represent a viable nano-platform for combating bacterial resistance. In this study, we present the use of vancomycin-functionalized gold nanoparticles (V-GNPs) to battle pathogenic bacterial strains. A facile one-pot method was adopted to synthesize vancomycin-loaded GNPs in which the reducing properties of vancomycin were exploited to produce V-GNPs from gold ions. UV–Visible spectroscopy verified the production of V-GNPs via the existence of a surface plasmon resonance peak at 524 nm, whereas transmission electron microscopy depicted a size of ~24 nm. Further, dynamic light scattering (DLS) estimated the hydrodynamic diameter as 77 nm. The stability of V-GNPs was investigated using zeta-potential measurements, and the zeta potential of V-GNPs was found to be −18 mV. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the efficient loading of vancomycin onto GNP surfaces; however, the loading efficiency of vancomycin onto V-GNPs was 86.2%. Finally, in vitro antibacterial studies revealed that V-GNPs were much more effective, even at lower concentrations, than pure vancomycin. The observed antibacterial activities of V-GNPs were 1.4-, 1.6-, 1.8-, and 1.6-fold higher against Gram-negative Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, compared to pure vancomycin. Collectively, V-GNPs represented a more viable alternative to pure vancomycin, even at a lower antibiotic dose, in conquering pathogenic bacteria.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a mounting body of literature has emphasized the feasibility of utilizing GNPs as carriers for antimicrobial agents [19][20][21][22]. GNPs efficiently enable the delivery of relatively higher drug concentrations at the site of infection while, simultaneously, minimizing the drug's toxicity [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Vancomycin Potential against Pathogenic Bacterial Strains via Gold Nano-Formulations: A Nano-Antibiotic Approach

et al. 2022

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“…A vast range of NPs produced from diverse nanomaterials has been synthesized. However, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) reflect an important role in nanotechnology, due to their advantageous properties including low toxicity, abilities to connect to various ligands, and antimicrobial activity against resistant strains [31,32]. Au NPs are widely proposed in the development of new therapeutic agents, with possible application in diagnostics, cancer treatment, vaccines, or drug carriers [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ceragenin-Coated Non-Spherical Gold Nanoparticles as Novel Candidacidal Agents

et al. 2021

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Background: Infections caused by Candida spp. have become one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Therefore, new effective fungicides are urgently needed, especially due to an escalating resistance crisis. Methods: A set of nanosystems with rod- (AuR), peanut- (AuP), and star-shaped (AuS) metal cores were synthesized. These gold nanoparticles were conjugated with ceragenins CSA-13, CSA-44, and CSA-131, and their activity was evaluated against Candida strains (n = 21) through the assessment of MICs (minimum inhibitory concentrations)/MFCs (minimum fungicidal concentrations). Moreover, in order to determine the potential for resistance development, serial passages of Candida cells with tested nanosystems were performed. The principal mechanism of action of Au NPs was evaluated via ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation assessment, plasma membrane permeabilization, and release of the protein content. Finally, to evaluate the potential toxicity of Au NPs, the measurement of hemoglobin release from red blood cells (RBCs) was carried out. Results: All of the tested nanosystems exerted a potent candidacidal activity, regardless of the species or susceptibility to other antifungal agents. Significantly, no resistance development after 25 passages of Candida cells with AuR@CSA-13, AuR@CSA-44, and AuR@CSA-131 nanosystems was observed. Moreover, the fungicidal mechanism of action of the investigated nanosystems involved the generation of ROS, damage of the fungal cell membrane, and leakage of intracellular contents. Notably, no significant RBCs hemolysis at candidacidal doses of tested nanosystems was detected. Conclusions: The results provide rationale for the development of gold nanoparticles of rod-, peanut-, and star-shaped conjugated with CSA-13, CSA-44, and CSA-131 as effective candidacidal agents.

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“…Different inorganic NPs including gold and others have showed potential antibacterial efficacies. Interestingly, AuNPs have gained specific attention, due to their biocompatibility, ease of surface functionalization, and their optical properties (Okkeh, et al 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Rod/Spherical-Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) to Overcome Multidrug-Resistant Bacteremia

Shoeib

Hindi²,

Alsayed

2021

Alexandria Science Exchange Journal

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Multidrug-resistant bacteremia 15 Gve and 1 G + ve isolates were collected from inpatients and outpatients departments at Security Forces Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. In studying the multidrug-resistance to antibiotics, it was recorded that the Gve isolates of E. coli (11093623) & (11161644) were resistance to 19 out of 20 tested antibiotics except antibiotic(CN), while the G + ve isolate of MRSA was resistance to 9 out of 18 antibiotics, and it was sensitive to antibiotic (OX and CZ).The Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) was examined to discourage the growth of the multidrug-resistance isolates. Rod-AuNPs were the best to discourage the growth of tested bacteria, followed by the Spherical-AuNPs. Swabs were taken from inhibition zone resulting from the inhibitory effect of AuNPs, towards the tested bacteria and re-inoculated on the Nutrient Agar medium, to determine either the bacteriostatic/bactericidal effect for different NPs. The study proved that Rod-AuNPs gave bacteriostatic effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11093627) & (11132667), Enterobacter cloacae (11159053) and Citrobacter freundii(11176991)&(11182565), and gave a bactericidal effect to the rest of the tested isolates. The Spherical-AuNPs gave a bacteriostatic impact of all tested isolates. Electromicroscopic studies disclosed the effect of AuNPs, either rods or spherical-shaped, on the external shape of some of the pathogenic tested bacteria e.g. E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa of Gve bacteria, MRSA of G + ve bacteria. From results obtained, it can be concluded that the nanostructures and morphologies of AuNPs may offer new possibilities for promising therapeutic applications of multidrug-resistance bacteremia.

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Gold Nanoparticles: Can They Be the Next Magic Bullet for Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria?

Cited by 96 publications

References 143 publications

Enhancement of Vancomycin Potential against Pathogenic Bacterial Strains via Gold Nano-Formulations: A Nano-Antibiotic Approach

Enhancement of Vancomycin Potential against Pathogenic Bacterial Strains via Gold Nano-Formulations: A Nano-Antibiotic Approach

Ceragenin-Coated Non-Spherical Gold Nanoparticles as Novel Candidacidal Agents

Synthesis of Rod/Spherical-Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) to Overcome Multidrug-Resistant Bacteremia

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