Gold nanoparticles based solid‐phase microextraction coatings for determining organochlorine pesticides in aqueous environmental samples

Abstract

The use of solid-phase microextraction coatings based on gold nanoparticles was investigated, focusing the attention on the preparation of nanoparticles with nonclassical reduction agents of HAuCl such as gallic acid and H O , rather than the conventional sodium citrate. All nanoparticles were characterized by diode array spectroscopy, whereas novel nanoparticles prepared with gallic acid and H O were also characterized by microscopic techniques. Solid-phase microextraction coatings were prepared with a layer-by-layer approach. Gallic acid permitted the preparation of stable nanoparticles with milder experimental conditions (1 min, room temperature) and provided the most uniform coatings (thickness ∼3 μm). Seven organochlorine pesticides were determined in different environmental waters using gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Despite the low thickness of the coatings, limits of detection of the entire method down to 0.13 μg/L were obtained. A comparison with the commercial polyacrylate in terms of the partition coefficients of the analytes to the coatings gave logarithm of the partition coefficient values two times higher with gallic acid than polyacrylate (although the commercial fiber is 28 times thicker). Interfiber relative standard deviation values ranged from 8.67 to 21.3%. Optimum fibers also presented an adequate lifetime (>100 extractions).

Sol–gel‐adsorbent‐coated extraction needles to detect volatile compounds in spoiled fish

“…Another parameter affecting the extraction efficiency is the diameter of the micro‐bore tunnel. The extraction efficiency increases with decreasing adsorbent thickness . However, the micro‐bore tunnel is shown in Fig.…”

Hyphenated dispersive solid‐ and liquid‐phase microextraction technique based on a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent: application for trace analysis of pesticides in fruit juices

“…So far, various sample preparation methods have been introduced for pesticide analysis. SPE, SPME, liquid–liquid extraction, and DLLME are the most common pesticide pretreatment techniques . Among these methods, SPE has attracted more attention based on its ease of usage, high recovery, and providing high enrichment factors .…”

Basalt fibers functionalized with gold nanoparticles for in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction

“…If BFs are chosen as the support, the coating material on its surface will play a decisive role in extraction performance. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have exhibited an excellent performance for various analytes, such as UV filters , organochlorine pesticides , polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) , and so on. GNPs could be modified onto the support and adjusted by self‐assembly technique .…”

“…In-tube SPME was introduced to overcome these problems [5]. Recently, various sorbents were developed for in-tube SPME [6], such as urea-formaldehyde monolithic column [7], poly(glycidyl have exhibited an excellent performance for various analytes, such as UV filters [19], organochlorine pesticides [20], polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) [21], and so on. GNPs could be modified onto the support and adjusted by selfassembly technique [19,21].…”