Gold nanoparticles and gold nanorods in the landscape of cancer therapy

Abstract

Cancer is a grievous disease whose treatment requires a more efficient, non-invasive therapy, associated with minimal side effects. Gold nanoparticles possessing greatly impressive optical properties have been a forerunner in bioengineered cancer therapy. This theranostic system has gained immense popularity and finds its application in the field of molecular detection, biological imaging, cancer cell targeting, etc. The photothermal property of nanoparticles, especially of gold nanorods, causes absorption of the light incident by the light source, and transforms it into heat, resulting in tumor cell destruction. This review describes the different optical features of gold nanoparticles and summarizes the advance research done for the application of gold nanoparticles and precisely gold nanorods for combating various cancers including breast, lung, colon, oral, prostate, and pancreatic cancer.

Ferritinophagy Mediated by Oxidative Stress-Driven Mitochondrial Damage Is Involved in the Polystyrene Nanoparticles-Induced Ferroptosis of Lung Injury

“…Besides, many nanomaterials have been used for targeted research, therapy, and diagnosis of lung diseases. 66,67 Knowing the role of ferroptosis and mitochondrial function in nanoparticle toxicity can extend their biomedical applications, especially in cancer therapy. We also acknowledge the limitations of this study.…”

“…The work highlights the mechanism by which mitochondrial damage-mediated ferroptosis in lung injury induced PS-NPs, contributing to an in-depth understanding of nanoparticle-associated health risk and therapeutic interventions. Besides, many nanomaterials have been used for targeted research, therapy, and diagnosis of lung diseases. , Knowing the role of ferroptosis and mitochondrial function in nanoparticle toxicity can extend their biomedical applications, especially in cancer therapy. We also acknowledge the limitations of this study.…”

Single-atom nanozymes: classification, regulation strategy, and safety concerns

“…In a recent study, researchers proposed the use of biocompatible nanomaterials as catalysts to initiate intra-tumor chemical reactions and produce tumor-killing substances such as O 2 , CO, and NO for effective tumor therapy. 100 Compared to other catalytic strategies, the Fenton reaction catalyzed by iron-containing catalysts that generate hydroxyl radicals ˙OH is a highly effective method for anticancer treatment. 101 The hydroxyl radicals, which are cytotoxic in nature, can indirectly trigger programmed cell death in tumor cells.…”

Internalization of Pegylated Er:Y2O3 Nanoparticles inside HCT-116 Cancer Cells: Implications for Imaging and Drug Delivery

“…While organic dyes often show poor photostability, fluorescent nanomaterials offer the advantages of a high quantum yield, a large Stokes shift, but above all high photostability and chemical stability. − For this reason, different types of fluorescent nanomaterials, including semiconductor quantum dots, noble metal nanoparticles, , and carbon nanomaterials, have been explored. In recent decades, research has begun to focus on the use of rare earth nanoparticles, whose interesting optical properties, such as narrow emission bandwidths and high resistance to photobleaching, high chemical stability, and low cytotoxicity, make them excellent candidates for biological applications.…”